RESPON IMUNITAS BENIH LOBSTER, Panulirus homarus DENGAN PENGGUNAAN PROBIOTIK PADA PAKAN MOIST

Abstract

Pemeliharaan benih lobster P. homarus masih menghadapi beberapa permasalahan, di antaranya infeksi penyakit bakteri (red body disease) dan mortalitas yang tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji respons imunitas benih lobster P. homarus yang diberi pakan pelet basah (moist diets) dengan penambahan probiotik. Pemeliharaan benih lobster dilakukan secara individu (1 ekor/keranjang). Lama pemeliharaan selama tiga bulan. Bobot awal puerulus P. homarus adalah 0,37 ± 0,05 g. Perlakuan meliputi pemberian pakan moist yang ditambahkan (A) ragi Saccharomyces cerevisiae, (B) kombinasi probiotik, Alteromonas sp. BY-9 dan Bacillus cereus BC, dan (C) tanpa probiotik. Respons imunitas dianalisis dengan RT-qPCR melalui tujuh gen target terkait ekspresi imunitas, setelah diuji tantang dengan Vibrio harveyi (penyebab red body disease). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sintasan benih lobster sebesar (A) 32,22%; (B) 29,63%; dan (C) 33,33%. Pertumbuhan panjang dan bobot benih lobster tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05). Respons imunitas benih lobster P. homarus pada perlakuan A dan B menunjukkan nilai ekspresi imun yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan C (tanpa probiotik). Ekspresi gen penyandi anti lipopolisakarida (ALFHa-1) meningkat pada (A) rata-rata sebesar 3,44 kali dan (B) 3,25 kali dibandingkan dengan perlakuan C (2,43 kali). Kelipatan ekspresi profenoloksidase (proPO) benih lobster meningkat pada perlakuan A (penambahan ragi) rata-rata sebesar 5,27 kali, sedangkan pada perlakuan B (kombinasi probiotik) sebesar 12,92 kali. Ekspresi Clotting sistem (transglutaminase, clotting protein) dan antioxidant defense mechanism (glutathione peroxidase/GPO) dan SAA juga mengalami peningkatan pada perlakuan A dan B.

A number of contrains including disease infections and significant mortality have been occurring in lobster aquaculture. The aim of this research was to observe the immune response of juvenile lobster P. homarus culture fed by moist pellet supplemented with probiotic. Experimental juveniles were reared in individual system (one juvenile/basket). The experiment was conducted for three months. The treatments comprised (A) whole cell of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, (B) combination of probiotics Alteromonas sp. BY-9 and Bacillus sp. BC, and (C) without probiotic as control. Initial weight of juveniles were 0.37 ± 0.05 g. Immunity responses were analyzed using seven immunity related genes expression by RT-qPCR. The results showed that the survival rate of juvenile for treatments A, B, and C were 32.22%, 29.63%, and 33.33% respectively. The weight and length gain of the juvenile were not significantly different (P>0.05) among treatments. Based on immunity related gene expression analysis, it revealed that A and B treatments have shown differences in the increament of immunity responses. Expressions of ALFHa-1 genes were increased on (A) treatment with average of 3.44 fold and (B) treatment (3.25 fold) and higher than C treatment (2.03 fold). Prophenoloxidase (ProPO) expression was increase average up to 5.27 fold on A (yeast supplementated) treatment and B (combination of probiotic) were 12.92 fold. Gene expression on Clotting system (transglutaminase, clotting protein) and antioxidant defense mechanism (glutathione peroxidase/GPO) was increased on A and B treatments.