MODEL KESESUAIAN LOKASI PENGEMBANGAN BUDIDAYA TAMBAK DI KAWASAN PESISIR KABUPATEN PONTIANAK, KALIMANTAN BARAT

Abstract

Penelitian ini memanfaatkan teknologi Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) untuk menentukan lokasi yang sesuai bagi pengembangan budidaya tambak di Kabupaten Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat. Data sekunder yang diperoleh berupa data iklim, peta Rupabumi Indonesia kawasan Pontianak skala 1:50.000, citra digital ALOS AVNIR-2 dan peta batimetri skala 1:200.000. Data primer diperoleh dengan metode survai di lokasi penelitian yaitu kualitas air dan tanah serta pasang surut. Penentuan stasiun pengamatan dilakukan secara acak dan sistematik. Setiap lokasi pengambilan contoh ditentukan posisi koordinatnya dengan alat Global Positioning System (GPS). Data lapangan (fisika-kimia air dan tanah), data sekunder, dan data citra satelit digital, dianalisis secara spasial dengan metode PATTERN menggunakan SIG. Berdasarkan hasil survai dan evaluasi kesesuaian lokasi budidaya tambak di wilayah pesisir Kabupaten Pontianak seluas 497,077 ha. Pada umumnya yang tergolong sangat sesuai (114,986 ha), cukup sesuai (168,819 ha), tersebar di wilayah pesisir Kecamatan Sungai Pinyuh, Sungai Kunyit, Mempawah Hilir, dan Mempawah Timur, sedangkan yang kurang sesuai (213,272 ha), terdapat di Kecamatan Segedong dan Siantan. 

This research used GIS technique to find location suitable to develop sustainable brackhiswater pond in Pontianak Regency, West Kalimantan. Secondary data such as wheather data, Indonesia earth surface map of Pontianak area scale of 1:50,000, ALOS satellite imagery digital data, and navigation map scale 1:200,000 were collected and used. The primary data (water and soil quality) and tidal variation were determined during the field survey. Simple systematic random sampling was used to allocate sampling points. Digital Remote Sensing (ALOS) data, secondary data, and field data (water quality) were analyzed using PATTERN method and Geographical Information System (GIS). Thematic map of the area suitability as the main expected output of the study was created using spatial analysis and GIS as suggested by references. The potential areas suitable for brackhiswater pond development at Pontianak Regency were 497.077 ha, classified as brackhiswater pond with high suitability (114.986 ha) and moderate (168.819 ha), distributed in subdistrict shore area of Pinyuh River, Kunyit River, Mempawah Hilir, and Mempawah Timur, and the area classified as low suitability (213.272 ha) distributed in Segedong and Siantan Subdistricts.