PENGGUNAAN BAKTERI PROBIOTIK DENGAN KOMPOSISI BERBEDA UNTUK PERBAIKAN KUALITAS AIR DAN SINTASAN PASCALARVA UDANG WINDU

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh komposisi jenis bakteri probiotik terhadap perbaikan kualitas air dan sintasan pascalarva udang windu pada skala laboratorium. Rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan menggunakan 24 akuarium yang masing-masing diisi 10 L air bersalinitas 28 ppt dan 200 ekor benur windu PL-15 telah diaplikasikan pada percobaan di Laboratorium Balai Riset Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau (BRPBAP) Maros. Delapan perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah A) Bakteri probiotik asal laut (BL536+BL542+BL548); B) Bakteri asal mangrove (PK446+BR883+BR931+MY1112); C) Bakteri probiotik asal tambak (MR55+BT950+BT951+PR1080+BN2067); D) Bakteri laut+mangrove; E) Bakteri laut+tambak; F) Bakteri mangrove+tambak; G) Bakteri laut+mangrove+tambak; H) Kontrol (tanpa bakteri probiotik). Masing-masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Setelah 96 jam aplikasi didapatkan bahwa kombinasi bakteri probiotik asal mangrove dan tambak mampu mengendalikan kandungan bahan organik secara signifikan (P<0,05). Bakteri asal laut dan mangrove secara tunggal maupun kombinasinya dapat menekan peningkatan amoniak dalam air (P>0,05). Walaupun konsentrasinya masih aman (0,0136—0,0184 mg/L), peningkatan kandungan nitrit kurang mampu dikendalikan oleh bakteri probiotik yang diaplikasikan (P>0,05). Sintasan pascalarva udang windu pada perlakuan bakteri probiotik asal laut (97,5%) nyata lebih tinggi (P<0,05) daripada kontrol (82,0%). Secara keseluruhan, peningkatan populasi bakteri Vibrio spp. dalam air telah menyebabkan menurunnya sintasan pascalarva udang windu (r = -0,834; P<0,01).

The objective of this study was to know the effect of different probiotic bacteria compositions on water quality improvement and survival rate of tiger shrimp postlarvae. This experiment was carried out in completely randomized design using 24 aquaria filled with 10 L of 28 ppt water and 200 pcs of tiger shrimp PL15 at the RICA laboratory. Eight treatments tested here were A) Sea bacteria (BL536+BL542+BL548); B) Mangrove bacteria (PK446+BR883+BR931+MY1112); C) Brackishwater pond bacteria (MR55+BT950+BT951+PR1080+BN2067); D) Bacteria of A+B; E) Bacteria of A+C; F) Bacteria of B+C; G) Bacteria of A+B+C; and H) Control (without probiotic bacteria). After 96-h of application, the results showed that the combination of probiotic bacteria from brackishwater pond and mangrove (treatment F) were able to decrease total organic matter in the water media significantly (P<0.05). Probiotic bacteria either from the sea (A), from mangrove (B), or combination of these two sources (D) are appropriate in controlling ammonia concentration (P<0.05). Although nitrite concentrations in the water media are quite low (0.0136--0.0184 mg/L), the increase of nitrite could not be controlled by any probiotic bacteria in this experiment. The survival rate of tiger shrimp postlarvae using sea source bacteria (97.5%) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of in control (82.0%). There were inversely correlated (r = - 0.834; P<0.01) between population of Vibrio spp. and the survival rate of tiger shrimp postlarvae.