SELEKTIF BREEDING UDANG WINDU Penaeus monodon DENGAN KARAKTER PERTUMBUHAN DAN SPF (SPECIFIC PATHOGEN FREE)
Abstract
Riset selektif breeding dengan mengutamakan karakter pertumbuhan dan bebas penyakit (SPF) menjadi pilihan mendesak agar diperoleh calon induk udang windu dengan karakter fenotipe dan genotipe yang lebih baik. Tujuan riset ini adalah mendapatkan teknik selektif breeding dan induk udang hasil seleksi dengan karakter tumbuh cepat serta bebas penyakit (SPF). Metode seleksi diawali dengan pembenihan induk yang berasal dari alam (F-0) mengikuti kaidah full sib mating, mengaplikasikan teknik probiotik, biosecurity, dan pemantauan infeksi virus. Diagnosis bebas penyakit (SPF) dilakukan dengan pengujian 7 jenis virus (TSV, WSSV, IHHNV, YHV, BP, MBV, HPV). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa 8 famili udang generasi pertama (F-1) memberikan keragaan fenotipe yang bervariasi (ukuran besar, sedang/reguler, dan kecil). Benih generasi pertama (F-1) hasil seleksi fenotipe pertumbuhan cepat (0,78%—9,91%) dari populasi benih udang kemudian dipelihara untuk calon induk. Induk udang yang digunakan pada saat dan setelah pembenihan mempunyai karakter SPF, demikian pula generasi pertama (F-1), walaupun ada kontaminasi IHHNV pada benih dari induk
-18, -19, -22. Keragaan genotipe induk udang (F-0) dan generasi pertama (F-1) menunjukkan keragaman genetik yang berbeda. Nilai heterozigositas pada induk udang (F-0) sebesar 0,1436; sedangkan pada generasi pertama (F-1) dengan tumbuh cepat sebesar 0,2659. Penanda gen untuk tumbuh cepat ditunjukkan pada gen dengan berat molekul 1.025 bp, 1.280 bp, dan 1.325 bp serta susunan sequence DNA yang berbeda bila dibandingkan pada penanda gen udang tumbuh lambat.
Selective breeding focusing on growth and Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) is a priority to obtain genetically and morphologically better of black tiger shrimp spawner. The objective of the study was to develop selective breeding technique and select spawner better character on growth and Specific Pathogen Free (SPF). Selection method was initiated from the breeding of wild shrimp spawners (F-0) following full sib mating method, probiotics application, biosecurity, and virus diseases diagnosis. Diagnosis of SPF was tested on 7 viruses (TSV, WSSV, IHHNV, YHV, BP, MBV, HPV) by IQ-2000 kit. Result showed that 8 families of first generation (F-1) shrimp phenotypically varied (big, regular and small size). First generation of shrimp produced from phenotype selection with fast growth (0.78%—9.91%) of total fry polulation then reared till reached spawner size. Shrimp spawners used before and after breeding had SPF traits, similar with the first generation of shrimp fry. There was IHHNV contamination on shrimp (F-1) offsprings from -18, -19, -22. Genotype performance shrimp spawner (F-0) and the first generation (F-1) showed different genetic variations. Heterozigosity value of shrimp spawner (F-0) was 0,1436 and the first generation (F-1) with fast growth trait was 0,2659. Gene marker of fast growth was indicated by a gene with molecular weight of 1,025 bp; 1,280 bp; and 1,325 bp and different DNA sequences compared with gen marker of slow growth shrimp.
-18, -19, -22. Keragaan genotipe induk udang (F-0) dan generasi pertama (F-1) menunjukkan keragaman genetik yang berbeda. Nilai heterozigositas pada induk udang (F-0) sebesar 0,1436; sedangkan pada generasi pertama (F-1) dengan tumbuh cepat sebesar 0,2659. Penanda gen untuk tumbuh cepat ditunjukkan pada gen dengan berat molekul 1.025 bp, 1.280 bp, dan 1.325 bp serta susunan sequence DNA yang berbeda bila dibandingkan pada penanda gen udang tumbuh lambat.
Selective breeding focusing on growth and Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) is a priority to obtain genetically and morphologically better of black tiger shrimp spawner. The objective of the study was to develop selective breeding technique and select spawner better character on growth and Specific Pathogen Free (SPF). Selection method was initiated from the breeding of wild shrimp spawners (F-0) following full sib mating method, probiotics application, biosecurity, and virus diseases diagnosis. Diagnosis of SPF was tested on 7 viruses (TSV, WSSV, IHHNV, YHV, BP, MBV, HPV) by IQ-2000 kit. Result showed that 8 families of first generation (F-1) shrimp phenotypically varied (big, regular and small size). First generation of shrimp produced from phenotype selection with fast growth (0.78%—9.91%) of total fry polulation then reared till reached spawner size. Shrimp spawners used before and after breeding had SPF traits, similar with the first generation of shrimp fry. There was IHHNV contamination on shrimp (F-1) offsprings from -18, -19, -22. Genotype performance shrimp spawner (F-0) and the first generation (F-1) showed different genetic variations. Heterozigosity value of shrimp spawner (F-0) was 0,1436 and the first generation (F-1) with fast growth trait was 0,2659. Gene marker of fast growth was indicated by a gene with molecular weight of 1,025 bp; 1,280 bp; and 1,325 bp and different DNA sequences compared with gen marker of slow growth shrimp.
Keywords
selective breeding; growth; Specific Pathogen Free; P. monodon
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PDFDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.3.3.2008.301-312
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