BIOAKUMULASI LOGAM BERAT DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP OOGENESIS KERANG HIJAU (Perna viridis)
Abstract
Teluk Jakarta, Banten, dan Lada telah mengalami pencemaran oleh logam berat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui bioakumulasi logam berat (Pb, Cd, Cr, dan Hg) dalam gonad dan pengaruhnya terhadap oogenesis kerang hijau (Perna viridis). Data yang dihimpun adalah jumlah oogenium, oosit primer, oosit sekunder, diameter, luas, dan volume lumen folikel pada stadium-III proses oogenesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dalam gonad kerang hijau yang berasal dari Teluk Jakarta telah terjadi bioakumulasi logam yaitu Pb (600,33±544,83 ppb), Cd (32,273±28,091 ppb), Cr (527,36±461 ppb), dan Hg (0,0222±0,0264 pbb). Cd dan Pb hanya ditemukan dalam gonad kerang hijau yang berasal dari Teluk Banten dan Teluk Lada, namun logam Cr dan Hg tidak terdeteksi. Kadar kandungan logam tersebut adalah Cd 6,937 ppb dan Pb 0,021 mg/L (Teluk Banten), sedangkan di Teluk Lada kadar Cd 6,069 ppb dan Pb 0,018 mg/L. Hasil analisis korelasi antara kandungan logam berat dan jumlah sel-sel dalam gonad kerang hijau yang berasal dari Teluk Jakarta menunjukkan korelasi sangat nyata antara logam kromium (Cr) dengan perkembangan jumlah sel-sel oogenia (r= 0,69), dan oosit sekunder (r= 0,57). Semua logam berat tersebut berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan sel-sel oosit sekunder (Pb, r= 0,75; Cd, r= 0,57; Cr, r= 0,57; Hg, r= 0,74), luas (Pb, r= 0,76; Cd, r= 0,71; Cr, r= 0,57; Hg, r= 0,70), dan volume lumen folikel (Pb, r= 0,78; Cd, r= 0,74; Cr, r= 0,66; Hg, r= 0,58). Kadmium (Cd) mempengaruhi jumlah sel-sel gonad betina (r= 0,63). Dengan demikian terbukti bahwa logam berat berpengaruh terhadap proses oogenesis kerang hijau di Teluk Jakarta.
The Jakarta, Banten, and Lada Bays have been polluted by the heavy metals. The study was conducted to identify the heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, and Hg) bio accucumulation in gonads and its effects on oogenesis of green mussels (Perna viridis). The data collected were the number of oogenium, primary oocytes, secondary oocytes, diameter, square, and volume of follicle lumens on stage-III oogenesis. The content of heavy metal was analyzed by Atoms Absorbent Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results indicated that the gonad of green mussels originated from Jakarta bay have been bioaccumulated by heavy metal. The gonad of green mussel contained Pb (600.33±544.83 ppb), Cd (32.273±28.091 ppb), Cr (527.36±461 ppb), dan Hg (0.0222±0.0264 pbb). Cd and Pb have been found in gonads originated from Banten and Lada Bay while no Cr and Hg were detected. The concentration of Cd and Pb were 6.937 ppb, 0.021 mg/L (Banten Bay) dan 6.069 ppb, and 0.018 mg/L (Lada Bay) respectively. The green mussels female Jakarta Bay originated showed a strong correlation of Cr with developing of oogenia cells (r= 0.69), and secondary oocytes (r= 0.57). All heavy metals influenced the development of secondary oocytes (Pb, r= 0.75; Cd, r= 0.57; Cr, r= 0.57; Hg, r= 0.74), square (Pb, r= 0.76; Cd, r= 0.71; Cr, r= 0.57; Hg, r= 0.70), and volume of follicle lumen (Pb, r= 0.78; Cd, r= 0.74; Cr, r= 0.66; Hg, r= 0.58). Cadmium (Cd) had effect to the number of female sex cells (r= 0.63). Therefore, the heavy metals influenced oogenesis process of green mussel at Jakarta Bay.
The Jakarta, Banten, and Lada Bays have been polluted by the heavy metals. The study was conducted to identify the heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, and Hg) bio accucumulation in gonads and its effects on oogenesis of green mussels (Perna viridis). The data collected were the number of oogenium, primary oocytes, secondary oocytes, diameter, square, and volume of follicle lumens on stage-III oogenesis. The content of heavy metal was analyzed by Atoms Absorbent Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results indicated that the gonad of green mussels originated from Jakarta bay have been bioaccumulated by heavy metal. The gonad of green mussel contained Pb (600.33±544.83 ppb), Cd (32.273±28.091 ppb), Cr (527.36±461 ppb), dan Hg (0.0222±0.0264 pbb). Cd and Pb have been found in gonads originated from Banten and Lada Bay while no Cr and Hg were detected. The concentration of Cd and Pb were 6.937 ppb, 0.021 mg/L (Banten Bay) dan 6.069 ppb, and 0.018 mg/L (Lada Bay) respectively. The green mussels female Jakarta Bay originated showed a strong correlation of Cr with developing of oogenia cells (r= 0.69), and secondary oocytes (r= 0.57). All heavy metals influenced the development of secondary oocytes (Pb, r= 0.75; Cd, r= 0.57; Cr, r= 0.57; Hg, r= 0.74), square (Pb, r= 0.76; Cd, r= 0.71; Cr, r= 0.57; Hg, r= 0.70), and volume of follicle lumen (Pb, r= 0.78; Cd, r= 0.74; Cr, r= 0.66; Hg, r= 0.58). Cadmium (Cd) had effect to the number of female sex cells (r= 0.63). Therefore, the heavy metals influenced oogenesis process of green mussel at Jakarta Bay.
Keywords
bioaccumulation; heavy metals; oogenesis; Perna viridis
Full Text:
PDFDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.3.1.2008.43-52
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
