PERFORMANSI BIOLOGIS CALON INDUK PATIN JAMBAL (Pangasius djambal) PADA VOLUME BAK DAN CARA AERASI BERBEDA
Abstract
Ikan patin jambal merupakan ikan lokal yang memiliki nilai lebih, dalam rasa dan warna daging. Namun ikan ini sudah mulai jarang ditemukan dari perairan umum Jawa. Upaya pemijahan patin jambal di hatcheri telah dimulai sejak tahun 1980-an, namun kesulitan memperoleh induk menghambat kelanjutan produksi massal benih. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh ukuran minimal tangki dan cara pengaliran air untuk wadah yang dapat mengakomodir secara maksimal kebutuhan biologis dalam upaya produksi induk patin jambal. Tangki yang digunakan berjumlah 4 buah berbentuk bulat untuk menjamin aliran air maksimal. Dua tangki diisi air sebanyak 10 m3 dan dua lainnya 20 m3, kedalaman air sama, yaitu 130 cm. Pada tiap ukuran tangki, dengan memanfaatkan gaya gravitasi air dialirkan ke dalam satu tangki dari bawah sedang ke dalam tangki satu lagi air dialirkan dari atas, masing-masing debit 0,6—1,0 L/detik. Percobaan dirancang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan ulangan mengacu pada jumlah ekor ikan yang hidup pada masing-masing kolam di akhir penelitian (pseudo replicate). Calon induk berbobot 1,5 kg dan belum pernah memijah ditebar dengan komposisi 7 betina 3 jantan pada tangki 10 m3 serta 15 betina dan 5 jantan pada tangki 20 m3. Pakan diberikan tiap hari sebanyak 3% bobot biomassa. Calon induk yang dipelihara dalam tangki 20 m3 dengan aliran dari bawah bertambah 0,610%/hari-1, lebih cepat (P<0,05) dibandingkan dengan tangki lainnya. Untuk perkembangan gonad, jumlah calon induk yang mencapai TKG IV dalam tangki 20 m3, 4 jantan 1 betina, dengan aliran air di bawah lebih banyak dari yang dalam tangki lain. Terbukti bahwa tangki volume 20 m3 dan aliran air di dasar cocok bagi upaya produksi induk patin jambal pada komposisi 15 betina dan 5 jantan.
Patin jambal is one of Indonesia indigenous species which is threatened to extinction in Java open water due to development progress as well as over fishing. Further mass production of patin jambal seeds in hatchery faces the unsustainable supply of spawner. Tank size and aeration technique are suspected to affect patin jambal spawner production in captivity since the fish is a riverine species. The experiment aims at providing a suitable environment for such a fish to grow to be productive spawners. Four circular concrete tanks are used to assure maximum water circulation; two tanks were filled with 10 m3 and the other with 20 m3 fresh surface water at equal depth, 130 cm. The surface water was gravitationally flowed from the surface into 2 tanks and from the bottom into 2 other tanks at 0.6-1.0 L sec-1. The fish weighted 1.5 kg each was stocked at 7 female and 3 male into each of 10 m3 tank and at 15 females and 5 males into each of 20 m3 tank. The experimental units were arranged in a completely randomized design with pseudo replication. The fish fed commercial artificial diet at 3% of biomass weight a day. Fish in the 20 m3 tank equipped with bottom water inlet gained weight 0.601 % day-1 and consequently grew faster (P<0.05) than fish in the other tanks. Fish in the same tank was also biologically mature faster than fish in the other tanks; four males and one male were found to reach gonad maturity stage IV which was not found in the other tanks. Obviously, a 20 m3 concrete tank equipped with bottom water inlet is suitable for patin jambal spawner production at 15 females to 5 males ratio.
Patin jambal is one of Indonesia indigenous species which is threatened to extinction in Java open water due to development progress as well as over fishing. Further mass production of patin jambal seeds in hatchery faces the unsustainable supply of spawner. Tank size and aeration technique are suspected to affect patin jambal spawner production in captivity since the fish is a riverine species. The experiment aims at providing a suitable environment for such a fish to grow to be productive spawners. Four circular concrete tanks are used to assure maximum water circulation; two tanks were filled with 10 m3 and the other with 20 m3 fresh surface water at equal depth, 130 cm. The surface water was gravitationally flowed from the surface into 2 tanks and from the bottom into 2 other tanks at 0.6-1.0 L sec-1. The fish weighted 1.5 kg each was stocked at 7 female and 3 male into each of 10 m3 tank and at 15 females and 5 males into each of 20 m3 tank. The experimental units were arranged in a completely randomized design with pseudo replication. The fish fed commercial artificial diet at 3% of biomass weight a day. Fish in the 20 m3 tank equipped with bottom water inlet gained weight 0.601 % day-1 and consequently grew faster (P<0.05) than fish in the other tanks. Fish in the same tank was also biologically mature faster than fish in the other tanks; four males and one male were found to reach gonad maturity stage IV which was not found in the other tanks. Obviously, a 20 m3 concrete tank equipped with bottom water inlet is suitable for patin jambal spawner production at 15 females to 5 males ratio.
Keywords
biological performance; Pangasius djambal; tank volume; aeration
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PDFDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.3.1.2008.63-71
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