HUBUNGAN ANTARA FAKTOR KONDISI LINGKUNGAN DAN PRODUKTIVITAS TAMBAK UNTUK PENAJAMAN KRITERIA KESESUAIAN LAHAN: 2. KUALITAS TANAH
Abstract
Selain kualitas air, faktor lingkungan lain yang dipertimbangkan dalam evaluasi kesesuaian lahan untuk budidaya tambak adalah kualitas tanah. Namun kriteria kualitas tanah yang digunakan masih bersifat umum untuk semua komoditas perikanan budidaya tambak. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara produktivitas tambak dari berbagai komoditas dengan berbagai peubah kualitas tanah untuk penajaman kriteria kesesuaian lahan untuk budidaya tambak. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kawasan pertambakan yang ada di Kabupaten Pinrang, Sinjai, Luwu, dan Luwu Utara Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dan Kabupaten Lampung Selatan Provinsi Lampung. Metode penelitian yang diaplikasikan adalah metode survai, termasuk untuk mendapatkan data primer dari produksi yang dilakukan melalui pengajuan kuisioner dan perekaman pada saat wawancara kepada responden. Pengukuran langsung terhadap peubah kualitas tanah tertentu dilakukan di lapangan dan pengambilan contoh tanah untuk dianalisis di laboratorium dilakukan terhadap peubah kualitas tanah lainnya. Pemilihan model regresi “terbaik” didasarkan pada metode kuadrat terkecil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan pHH2O tanah dari 6,34 menjadi 8,10 dan peningkatan kandungan pasir tanah lebih besar 21,8% dapat meningkatkan produksi dan sebaliknya peningkatan kandungan liat tanah lebih besar 30,0% dapat menurunkan produksi udang vannamei. Produksi rumput laut yang lebih tinggi didapatkan pada tanah dengan pHF lebih besar 6,5; pHFOX lebih besar 4,0; pHF-pHFOX lebih kecil 2,5; dan SPOS lebih kecil 1,00%. Kandungan Fe tanah yang lebih besar 5.000 mg/L dan Al lebih besar 490 mg/L menyebabkan penurunan produksi rumput laut. Peningkatan pHF dan pHFOX tanah masing-masing lebih besar 7,5 dan 7,0 sampai nilai tertentu dapat meningkatkan produksi dan sebaliknya peningkatan kandungan Fe dan Al dapat menurunkan produksi udang windu dan ikan bandeng, terutama melalui pengaruh toksisitas dan dampaknya terhadap ketersediaan fosfor.
Soil quality is an important environmental factor to consider in land capability assessment for brackish water aquaculture ponds. However, soil quality criteria are often generalized for all commodities produced in brackish water ponds. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between brackish water pond productivity for common commodities and soil quality factors to improve the underlying criteria for land capability assessment. The research was conducted in the brackish water ponds of Pinrang, Sinjai, Luwu, and North Luwu Regencies South Sulawesi Province and South Lampung Regency Lampung Province. The study involved the collection and analysis of farm management and production data and physicochemical properties of soils. A regression model based on the least quadratic method showed that the pHH2O of soil in the range of 6.34 to 8.10 and a sand content of more than 21.8% was associated with high pond production provided soils had sufficient clay content. The model also showed that heavy clays (30% clay content) decreased production of the whiteleg shrimp. High seaweed production occurred in ponds with a soil pHF of more than 6.5, pHFOX more than 4.0, pHF-pHFOX less than 2.5, and SPOS less than 1.00%. Fe concentration in soil more than 5,000 mg/L and Al more than 490 mg/L decreased the productivity of seaweed ponds. The optimal pHF and pHFOX of soil for tiger prawn and milkfish production was more than 7.5 and 7.0, respectively under polyculture. Elevated concentrations of Fe and Al were found to reduce shrimp and fish production in ponds, principally through their toxic effects and impacts on available phosphorus.
Soil quality is an important environmental factor to consider in land capability assessment for brackish water aquaculture ponds. However, soil quality criteria are often generalized for all commodities produced in brackish water ponds. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between brackish water pond productivity for common commodities and soil quality factors to improve the underlying criteria for land capability assessment. The research was conducted in the brackish water ponds of Pinrang, Sinjai, Luwu, and North Luwu Regencies South Sulawesi Province and South Lampung Regency Lampung Province. The study involved the collection and analysis of farm management and production data and physicochemical properties of soils. A regression model based on the least quadratic method showed that the pHH2O of soil in the range of 6.34 to 8.10 and a sand content of more than 21.8% was associated with high pond production provided soils had sufficient clay content. The model also showed that heavy clays (30% clay content) decreased production of the whiteleg shrimp. High seaweed production occurred in ponds with a soil pHF of more than 6.5, pHFOX more than 4.0, pHF-pHFOX less than 2.5, and SPOS less than 1.00%. Fe concentration in soil more than 5,000 mg/L and Al more than 490 mg/L decreased the productivity of seaweed ponds. The optimal pHF and pHFOX of soil for tiger prawn and milkfish production was more than 7.5 and 7.0, respectively under polyculture. Elevated concentrations of Fe and Al were found to reduce shrimp and fish production in ponds, principally through their toxic effects and impacts on available phosphorus.
Keywords
soil quality; productivity; land capability criteria; brackish water ponds
Full Text:
PDFDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.3.1.2008.105-121
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