ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI BAKTERI NITRIFIKASI DAN DENITRIFIKASI SEBAGAI KANDIDAT PROBIOTIK

Abstract

Senyawa nitrogen yang tinggi pada limbah budidaya perikanan intensif dapat memperburuk kualitas air, sehingga perlu diatasi dengan penambahan probiotik untuk proses bioremediasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan bakteri nitrifikasi dan denitrifikasi yang berpotensi sebagai kandidat probiotik pengendali senyawa nitrogen pada budidaya ikan air tawar. Tahap penelitian terdiri atas: 1) koleksi sampel air dan sedimen dari kolam budidaya ikan patin di kawasan minapolitan Desa Pudak Kecamatan Kumpeh Kabupaten Muaro Jambi Provinsi Jambi dan Desa Koto Mesjid Kecamatan XIII Koto Kampar Kabupaten Kampar Provinsi Riau; 2) pengujian sampel secara in vitro yang meliputi: a) Isolasi dan seleksi bakteri nitrifikasi dan denitrifikasi; b) Karakterisasi morfologis bakteri terpilih; c) Karakterisasi fisiologi/biokimia isolat bakteri terpilih; d) Karakterisasi genetika isolat bakteri terpilih dengan sekuensing 16S-rRNA. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh empat isolat bakteri nitrifikasi dan empat isolate bakteri denitrifikasi. Isolat bakteri nitrifikasi Pandoraea pnomenusa strain 1318 (NP1); Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PSE12 (NP2); Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PSE12 (NP3); Burkholderia vietnamiensis strain NE 7 (NP4); dan denitrifikasi Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain TPL14 (DP1); Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila strain BTY (DP2); Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain BHWSL2 (DP3); Ochrobactrum intermedium strain: SQ 20 (DP4) Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain TPL14 (DP1); Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila strain BTY (DP2); Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain BHWSL2 (DP3); Ochrobactrum intermedium strain: SQ 20 (DP4); yang berpotensi digunakan sebagai kandidat probiotik pengendali senyawa nitrogen pada budidaya ikan air tawar.

Wastes from an intensive aquaculture contain nitrogen compounds which, if untreated, could rapidly reduce water quality condition within the system. The addition of probiotics as bioremediation to aquaculture system has been used to improve water quality with promising results. The aim of this study was to obtain potential nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria that could be used as probiotic candidates to control excessive nitrogen compounds in freshwater culture. This study consisted of two steps, 1) the collection of water samples and sediments from catfish ponds at ‘Minapolitan Area” in Pudak Village, Jambi Province and Koto Mesjid Village, Riau Province; 2) in vitro tests consisting of isolation and selection of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria; morphological characterization of the selected nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria; characterization of physiological/biochemical selected nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria; genetic characterization of the selected nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria with 16SrRNA sequencing. All data were analyzed descriptively. The study had found four nitrifying bacteria isolates: Pandoraea pnomenusa strain 1318 (NP1); Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PSE 12 (NP2); Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PSE12 (NP3); Burkholderia vietnamiensis strain NE 7 (NP4). The study also found four isolates of denitrifying bacteria isolates: Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain TPL14 (DP1); Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila strain BTY (DP2); Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain BHWSL2 (DP3); Ochrobactrum intermedium strain: SQ 20 (DP4). All the identified nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria isolates have the potential to be used as probiotic candidates to control nitrogen compound in freshwater aquaculture.