STATUS KESEHATAN IKAN LELE (Clarias gariepinus) YANG MENERIMA PAKAN BERSUPLEMEN KOMBINASI DAUN SIRIH (Piper betler leaf), JAMBU BIJI (Psidium guajava leaf), DAN KIPAHIT (Tithonia diversifolia leaf)

Abstract

Tanaman obat telah banyak digunakan sebagai bahan pencegah dan pengobatan penyakit pada ikan budidaya. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui status kesehatan ikan lele (C. gariepinus) yang menerima pakan dengan suplemen tanaman obat kombinasi dari daun sirih, jambu biji, dan kipahit melalui pengamatan gambaran darah dan histologi ginjal sebagai organ yang memproduksi darah. Kombinasi satu merupakan kombinasi dari ketiga daun tanaman obat masing-masing sebanyak 33%, kombinasi dua juga terdiri dari daun sirih, jambu biji, dan kipahit masing-masing sebanyak 5%:19%:76%, dan kontrol yaitu pakan tanpa penambahan tanaman obat. Gambaran darah dan histologi ginjal diamati pada minggu ketiga setelah pemberian pakan. Hasil pengamatan gambaran darah menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan jumlah sel darah merah pada ikan yang menerima pakan perlakuan dibandingkan dengan kontrol (0,4 ± 0,14). Namun tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata antara jumlah sel darah merah dari kelompok perlakuan kombinasi satu dan dua (1,5 ± 0,17 dan 1,4 ± 0,1). Jumlah sel darah putih pada kelompok perlakuan juga meningkat dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (10,5 ± 0,46), namun tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata antara kelompok perlakuan kombinasi satu dan dua (15,1 ± 1,19 dan 17,6 ± 1,14). Hasil pengamatan histologi terlihat jaringan hematopoietik organ ginjal dari kelompok yang menerima perlakuan berproliferasi lebih banyak dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Namun tidak ada pengaruh pada nilai hemoglobin dan persentase leukosit diferensiasi antara kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol. Penambahan daun tanaman obat dalam pakan ikan mampu meningkakan status kesehatan dari ikan lele.

Medicinal herbs have been traditionally used as prophylactic and therapeutic supplement to treat diseases in aquaculture. This study was aimed to improve the health quality of catfish (C. gariepinus) through feeding on diets enriched with a combination of betel, guava, and tithonia as medicine by analyzing hematology and histology of kidney as blood producing organ. Diet-one was feed enrich with 33% of each plant. Diet-two was feed enriched with betel, guava, and tithonia at a proportion of 5%,19%, and 76%, respectively. Control diet was fed without the plants’ supplementation. Hematology and histology of fish kidney were observed after fish received three-week feed treatments. The results showed that there was an increase of erythrocyte levels in the treated fish groups fed with diet-one and diet-two compared with the control (0.4 ± 0.14). However, no significant differences of erythrocyte level were observed between fish groups fed with diet -one and die-two (1.5 ± 0.17 and 1.4 ± 0.1). Leucocyte levels also increased in the treated fish group with diet-one and diet-two compared to the control (10.5 ± 0.46). However, there was no significant difference of leucocyte level between the fish group feed with diet-one and diet-two (15.1 ± 1.19 and 17.6 ± 1.14). Histological observations found that there were more hematopoietic tissues in the fish kidney of proliferated treated group than the control group. However, there was no effect on hemoglobin level and leukocyte percentage differentiation between the treatment and control groups. This study concludes that medicinal herbs as enrichment ingredients in fish diet can increase the health quality of fish.