PENGATURAN PENANGKAPAN DAN PERDAGANGAN HIU BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI SENTRA PENDARATAN IKAN

Abstract

Hiu merupakan jenis ikan bernilai ekonomi tinggi yang ditangkap nelayan dan diperdagangkan. Studi ini mengemukakan pengaturan penangkapan dan perdagangan hiu berbasis masyarakat di sentra pendaratan ikan dalam mendukung pengelolaan perikanan hiu berkelanjutan. Studi dilakukan dengan mempelajari dokumen hasil penelitian dan kajian serta kondisi lapangan melalui publikasi yang terkait.. Meskipun PERMEN-KP melarang usaha penangkapan dan perdagangan hiu, tetapi hasil studi memperlihatkan masih banyak dilakukan penangkapan hiu di Selat Karimata, Selat Makasar, Samudera Hindia, Samudera Fasifik dan hiu dijual bebas di Sorong, Malang, Nusa Tenggara Timur; bahkan ekspor illegal masih marak dilakukan. Hasil kajian ini menyarankan perlunya dilakukan: 1).sosialisasi guna memberikan pemahaman kepada petugas dan masyarakat nelayan secara berjenjang bahwa populasi ikan hiu perlu dikelola secara berkelanjutan; 2).pembentukan sistem pengawasan berbasis masyarakat (siswasmas) yang memiliki fungsi utama pengawasan penangkapan jenis (spesies) hiu yang boleh ditangkap masyarakat nelayan dan pendaratan secara utuh hiu di sentra pendaratan ikan; 3).pembatasan ukuran ikan hiu yang boleh ditangkap melalui pengaturan penggunaan alat tangkap; 4).pembatasan spesies ikan hiu yang dapat diekspor (sirip); 5).pembatasan pintu keluar ekspor ikan hiu (bandara tertentu).

Shark is a type of fish of high economic value captured by fishermen and traded.. This paper is the result of a review of community-based fishing and shark catching arrangements at fish landing centers in support of sustainable shark fisheries management. The study was conducted by reviewing the documents related to research results that have been published and updated information based on media coverage related issues studied. Based on the results of the study, it is found that until now has been applied the rules of ban on the arrest and trade of sharks through the Regulation of the Minister of Marine and Fisheries. Nevertheless, efforts to catch and trade sharks continue to this day either openly or illegally. The results of the study show that there are still many sharks in the Karimata Strait, Makassar Strait, Indian Ocean, Fasific Ocean and freely sold sharks in Sorong, Malang and Labuhan Bajo. Even illegally, shark fin trade from protected species through exports to Hong Kong still exists and is caught at export exits by quarantine officers. Based on the results of the analysis of the current condition linked the principle of sustainable fisheries management with regard to the opinion and research results of researchers / other institutions, it is necessary: 1) socialization to provide understanding to the fishermen officers and communities in stages that shark populations need to be managed sustainably; 2) establishment of a community-based supervision system (siswasmas) which has the main function of supervising the catching of species (species) of sharks that can be captured by fishing communities and complete landings of sharks at fish landing centers; 3) limits on the size of sharks that may be caught through the use of fishing gear; 4) restrictions on exportable shark species (fins); 5) limitation of shark export exit (certain airports).