Studi Karakteristik Suara Secara Temporal yang Mempengaruhi Agregasi Schooling Ikan pada Areal Rumpon

Tamrin Tamrin, Rahmatang Rahmatang, Arham Rumpa, Muhammad Maskur, Imran Imran, Nurdin Kasim

Abstract


Rumpon merupakan alat bantu penangkapan ikan yang efektif untuk mengumpulkan ikan pada daerah penangkapan. Banyak pertanyaan terkait kinerja rumpon yang mampu menarik spesies ikan untuk berasosiasi dengannya, salah satunya adalah karakteristik suara yang ada dibawah rumpon tersebut.  Tujuan mengidentifikasi bentuk karakteristik suara hubungannya agregasi schooling ikan pada areal rumpon. Parameter yang diamati adalah frekuensi (Hz) dan tekanan suara (dB)  pada siang hari, sore hari, malam hari dan dini hari yang mempengaruhi jarak schooling ikan dari rumpon dengan objek pengamatan pada spesies ikan layang (Decapterus russelli). Jenis penelitian experimental fishing dengan pendekatan akustik pasif (PAM). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tekanan suara dibawah rakit rumpon rata-rata pada siang hari berada pada 73 dB, mengalami kenaikan yang cukup signifikan pada sore hari berkisar 85 dB sedangkan  malam hari mengalami penurunan rata-rata 81 dB dan pada dini hari mengalami kenaikan sedikit berkisar 83 dB, jika dihubungkan dengan pergerakan schooling ikan tekanan suara yang rendah lebih menyebar dan lebih jauh dari titik pusat rumpon  jika dibandingkan dengan sore hari dan dini hari dimana dengan tekanan suara yang lebih besar, schooling ikan lebih terkosentrasi dibawah rumpon, sedangkan  rata-rata peak frekuensi berdasarkan variasi waktu umumnya berkisar antara 530 – 734 Hz,  hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi suara pada areal rumpon sesuai dengan frekuensi sensitive pendengaran ikan pelagis.  Dengan diketahuinya karakteristik frekuensi dan tekanan suara yang ideal dengan menyesuaikan waktu terkosentrasinya schooling ikan, memungkinkan pengembangan atraktor rumpon berbasis gelombang suara untuk menarik dan mengkonsentrasikan spesies ikan pada areal rumpon.

 


Keywords


Karakteristik suara, Frekuensi suara, Tekanan suara, Rumpon, Schooling ikan

References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/salamata.v4i2.12001

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