PERIKANAN PELAGIS BESAR DENGAN JARING INSANG DI PERAIRAN TARAKAN KALIMANTAN UTARA FISHERIES OF LARGE PELAGIC BY GILLNET IN THE WATERS OF TARAKAN NORTH KALIMANTAN

Abstract

Sumberdaya ikan pelagis besar yang tertangkap dengan jaring insang di perairan Tarakan Kalimantan Utara berkontribusi terhadap produksi perikanan sebesar 16,03%. Penelitian ini dilakukan bulan Januari hingga Novemver 2021, bertujuan mengetahui jenis ikan pelagis besar yang tertangkap, serta distribusi panjang cagak tenggiri papan (Scomberomorus gutatus) dan tenggiri bunga (Scomberomorus koreanus). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kapal terbuat dari kayu bertonase 3 - 5 GT dengan mesin motor 14 PK, jaring dioperasikan pada kedalaman 6 -15 m baik didasar dan pertengahan perairan. Tawur jaring sebanyak 10 -15 pertrip selama 3 - 5 hari. Hasil tangkapan diperoleh sebanyak 27 jenis, yaitu 21 kelompok demersal, 3 jenis pelagis besar, 2 pelagis kecil dan 1 ikan karang. Komposisi jenis didominasi ikan kakap putih (Lates calcarifer) 30,4%, merah (Lutjanus johni) 21,9%, kurau (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) 17,9%, kerong kerong (Pomadasys kaakan) 5,5%, tenggiri papan (Scomberomorus guttatus) 4,4%, bambangan (Lutjanus malabaricus) 4,0%, kerapu (Epinephelus magniscuttis) 3,2%, sebelah (Psettodes erumei) 2,7%, tenggiri bunga (Scomberomorus koreanus) 2,2%, merah taring (Lutjanus lemniscatus) 2,0%, bawal putih (Pampus argenteus) 1,1%, kakap hitam (Macolor niger) 1,0% dan lainnya kurang dari 1%. Hasil tangkapan tertinggi pada Januari sebesar 7.336,8 kg dan terendah Oktober sebesar 2.699,2 kg dengan rata-rata sebesar 4.544,0 kg perbulan. Upaya penangkapan tertinggi pada Januari sebanyak 474 trip dan terendah Oktober sebanyak 148 trip. Kelimpahan tertingi pada Agustus sebesar 24,5 kg/trip dan terendah September sebesar 14,6 kg/trip. Daerah penangkapan terdistribusi pada 03°61’254’’LU - 117°70’254’’BT hingga 03°16’293’’LU -117°99’113’’BT dan Panjang pertama kali tertangkap (Lc) tenggiri papan (Scomberomorus gutatus) 38,65 FLcm dan tenggiri bunga (Scomberomorus koreanus) 43,48 FL cm.

The large pelagic fish resources caught with gillnets in the waters of Tarakan, North Kalimantan, contribute 16.03% to fisheries production. This study was conducted from January to November 2021, aiming to identify the species of large pelagic fish caught, as well as the fork length distribution of Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus guttatus) and Korean mackerel (Scomberomorus koreanus). The results showed that the fishing vessels were made of wood with a tonnage of 3 - 5 GT, powered by 14 HP engines. The gillnets were operated at depths of 6 - 15 meters, both at the bottom and mid-water levels. Each trip involved setting the nets 10 - 15 times over a duration of 3 - 5 days. A total of 27 species were caught, comprising 21 demersal species, 3 large pelagic species, 2 small pelagic species, and 1 reef fish species. The species composition was dominated by: Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) at 30,4%, Golden snapper (Lutjanus johnii) 21,9%, Fourfinger threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) 17,9%, Javelin grunter (Pomadasys kaakan) 5.5%, Indo–pacific king mackerel (Scomberomorus guttatus) 4,4%, Malabar snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) 4.0%, Spotted grouper (Epinephelus magniscuttis) 3.2%, Indian halibut (Psettodes erumei) 2.7%, Spanish mackere (Scomberomorus koreanus) 2,2%, Darktail snapper (Lutjanus lemniscatus) 2.0%, Silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) 1.1%, Black and white snapper (Macolor niger) 1.01% Other species made up less than 1%. The highest catch was recorded in January at 7,336.8 kg, while the lowest was in October 2,699.2 kg, with an average monthly catch of 4,544.0 kg. The highest fishing effort occurred in January with 474 trips, while the lowest was in October with 148 trips. The highest abundance was observed in August at 24.5 kg/trip, and the lowest in September 14.6 kg/trip. The fishing area was distributed between the coordinates 03°61’254’’N - 117°70’254’’E and 03°16’293’’N - 117°99’113’’E. The length at first capture (Lc) for Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus guttatus) was 38.65 cm FL, and for Korean mackerel (Scomberomorus koreanus) was 43.48 cm FL.