HUBUNGAN PANJANG-BERAT, POLA PERTUMBUHAN, FAKTOR KONDISI IKAN LAYANG (Decapterus russelli) DI KEPULAUAN KEI, MALUKU, INDONESIA
Abstract
Potensi ikan layang di perairan Kepulauan Kei menunjukan peluang signifikan sebagai sumberdaya perikanan bernilai ekonomi tinggi dengan metode penangkapan menggunakan alat tangkap pukat cincin, bagan dan pancing tonda. Purseine memungkinkan penangkapan dalam jumlah besar secara efisien, sedangkan bagan dan pancing tonda memberikan alternatif bagi nelayan dengan tingkat selektifitas yang berbeda. Meskipun potensi tangkapan cukup besar, eksploitasi berlebihan dapat mengancam kelestarian stok ikan layang dan ekosistem laut setempat. Oleh karena itu, keberlanjutan sumber daya ikan layang perlu dipertimbangkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pola pertumbuhan, faktor kondisi, dan tingkat penangkapan perikanan ikan layang yang didaratkan di Ohoi Sathean, Selayar, Namar, Dian Pulau, Dunwahan, Ohoiren, Mastur dan Banda ely di Kepulauan Kei dari Desember 2023 hingga Mei 2024. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui survei lapangan dengan pengamatan langsung terhadap 502 ekor sampel secara acak, data sekunder mengenai hasil tangkapan dan usaha penangkapan selama lima tahun terakhir dikumpulkan dari nelayan melalui wawancara dengan Teknik purposive sampling. Analisis meliputi distribusi panjang ikan, hubungan panjang-berat (nilai b = 2,36 menunjukan pertumbuhan alometrik negatif), faktor kondisi (K = 1,00–1,08 menandakan kondisi fisiologis kurang optimal), tingkat penangkapan serta daerah penangkapan. Tingkat penangkapan tertinggi ditemukan pada pukat cincin dengan fluktuasi selama 6 tahun terakhir, bagan dan pancing tonda relatif stabil. Hubungan upaya penangkapan terhadap tingkat penanngkapan menghasilkan nilai determinasi (R²) = 0,5275 dengan persamaan regresi Tingkat Penangkapan (CPUE) = 2332,8 - 0,5098E, yang menunjukkan hubungan negatif antara peningkatan upaya tangkap dengan hasil per unit usaha. Temuan ini menjadi dasar ilmiah untuk kebijakan pengelolaan perikanan layang berkelanjutan di Kepulauan Kei.
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