DINAMIKA KELIMPAHAN Vibrio spp. pada MEDIA BUDI DAYA DAN ORGAN UDANG VANAME (Litopenaeus vannamei) DI TAMBAK INTENSIF

Amiqatul Fikriyah; Ananda Aryani; Desy Febrianti

doi:10.15578/chanos.v24i1.20689

DINAMIKA KELIMPAHAN Vibrio spp. pada MEDIA BUDI DAYA DAN ORGAN UDANG VANAME (Litopenaeus vannamei) DI TAMBAK INTENSIF

Amiqatul Fikriyah, Ananda Aryani, Desy Febrianti

Abstract

Vibrio spp. are opportunistic pathogens that threaten the health and survival of whiteleg shrimp (L. vannamei). This study aimed to analyze the abundance dynamics of Vibrio spp. in the culture medium, hepatopancreas, and intestine of shrimp in intensive ponds over two production cycles. Weekly sampling was conducted across three ponds using grab sampling for water and random sampling for shrimp specimens. Vibrio spp. were isolated on TCBS agar, followed by total colony enumeration (CFU/mL) and morphological identification. Results showed fluctuating Vibrio spp. abundance in the culture medium, dominated by yellow colonies with no green, black, or luminous colonies detected. In the hepatopancreas and intestine, only yellow Vibrio were found, ranging from 0–1.52 × 10⁵ CFU/mL and 0–9.6 × 10⁵ CFU/mL, respectively. Bacterial abundance was higher in the intestine compared to other organs, while the hepatopancreas population remained low and stable. Dissolved oxygen and total organic matter significantly influenced these population dynamics. These findings emphasize the necessity of stringent water quality management and probiotic application to mitigate Vibrio spp. infection risks.

Vibrio spp. merupakan bakteri patogen oportunistik yang dapat menginfeksi organ vital dan mengancam kelangsungan hidup udang vaname (L. vannamei). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dinamika kelimpahan Vibrio spp. pada media budi daya, hepatopankreas, dan usus udang di tambak intensif selama dua siklus pemeliharaan. Sampel diambil mingguan dari tiga petak tambak menggunakan metode grab sampling untuk air dan random sampling untuk udang. Isolasi dilakukan menggunakan media TCBS agar, dilanjutkan dengan perhitungan total plate count (CFU/mL) dan identifikasi morfologi. Hasil menunjukkan kelimpahan Vibrio spp. di media budi daya berfluktuasi dengan dominasi koloni kuning, tanpa temuan koloni hijau, hitam, atau bercahaya. Pada hepatopankreas dan usus hanya ditemukan Vibrio kuning dengan rentang masing-masing 0–1,52 × 10⁵ CFU/mL dan 0–9,6 × 10⁵ CFU/mL. Kelimpahan bakteri pada usus cenderung lebih tinggi dibandingkan organ lain, sementara populasi di hepatopankreas relatif rendah dan stabil. Parameter kualitas air, terutama oksigen terlarut dan total bahan organik, diduga kuat memengaruhi dinamika populasi ini. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pengelolaan kualitas air yang ketat dan aplikasi probiotik untuk menekan risiko infeksi Vibrio spp.

Keywords

hepatopancreas; media budi daya; tambak intensif; usus; Vibrio

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/chanos.v24i1.20689