ANALISIS EKOLOGIS DISTRIBUSI SPASIAL DAN ASOSIASI SPESIES NUDIBRANCH DI KAWASAN KONSERVASI PERAIRAN SELAT DAMPIER, RAJA AMPAT: IMPLIKASI BAGI ZONASI KONSERVASI DAN EKOWISATA LAUT BERKELANJUTAN ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND SPECIES ASSOCIATIONS OF NUDIBRANCHS IN THE DAMPIER STRAIT MPA, RAJA AMPAT: IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION ZONING AND SUSTAINABLE MARINE ECOTOURISM
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pola distribusi dan asosiasi antar spesies nudibranch di Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Daerah (KKPD) Selat Dampier, Raja Ampat, sebagai dasar bagi pengelolaan zonasi dan pengembangan ekowisata laut berkelanjutan. Survei dilakukan di tujuh stasiun pengamatan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui pencatatan kelimpahan spesies, pengukuran parameter lingkungan, serta analisis asosiasi antar spesies menggunakan indeks Jaccard, Ochiai, dan Morisita. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa distribusi nudibranch sangat dipengaruhi oleh struktur mikrohabitat dan parameter lingkungan seperti tutupan substrat, kejernihan air, dan kompleksitas bentik. Sebagian besar asosiasi antar spesies tergolong lemah, mengindikasikan spesialisasi habitat yang tinggi dan sensitivitas terhadap perubahan lingkungan. Namun, terdapat asosiasi kuat antara Nembrotha kubaryana dan Phyllidiella pustulosa, yang dapat diinterpretasikan sebagai indikator stabilitas ekosistem lokal. Visualisasi heatmap mendukung hasil ini dengan pola keterkaitan spesifik antar beberapa pasangan spesies. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya pendekatan mikrohabitat dalam perencanaan zonasi konservasi dan pemanfaatan nudibranch sebagai bioindikator dalam sistem monitoring ekosistem terumbu karang. Selain itu, keragaman nudibranch yang menarik secara visual membuka potensi besar untuk pengembangan ekowisata makrofauna laut berbasis konservasi.
ABSTRACT
This study aims to examine the distribution patterns and interspecific associations of nudibranch species within the Dampier Strait Marine Protected Area (MPA) in Raja Ampat, as a basis for zonation planning and the development of sustainable marine ecotourism. Surveys were conducted across seven observation stations using a quantitative approach involving species abundance recording, environmental parameter measurement, and interspecific association analysis using the Jaccard, Ochiai, and Morisita indices. The results show that nudibranch distribution is strongly influenced by microhabitat structure and environmental factors such as substrate cover, water clarity, and benthic complexity. Most species associations were weak, indicating high habitat specialization and sensitivity to environmental changes. However, a strong association was observed between Nembrotha kubaryana and Phyllidiella pustulosa, which may serve as an indicator of stable and healthy ecosystems. Heatmap visualizations support these findings by showing specific interspecies linkage patterns. These results highlight the importance of microhabitat-based approaches in conservation zonation planning and the use of nudibranchs as bioindicators within coral reef ecosystem monitoring systems. Additionally, the visually striking diversity of nudibranchs offers significant potential for developing conservation-based marine macrofauna ecotourism.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.32.1.2026.37-46
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