PENILAIAN JASA EKOSISTEM HUTAN MANGROVE KOTA SORONG: KETIDAKSEIMBANGAN PASOKAN-PERMINTAAN DAN IMPLIKASI PENGELOLAAN

Korneles Edison Huwae, Gatot Mujianto, Ario Damar, Ismail Ismail

Abstract


Ekosistem mangrove menyediakan jasa ekosistem penting bagi masyarakat pesisir, namun menghadapi tekanan degradasi yang meningkat. Penelitian ini mengkaji kapasitas pasokan dan permintaan jasa ekosistem hutan mangrove di Kota Sorong, Papua Barat Daya, menggunakan kerangka Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES) v5.1. Pendekatan triangulasi diterapkan melalui studi literatur sistematis, wawancara mendalam terhadap 78 responden dari enam kelompok pemangku kepentingan, dan observasi lapangan pada 12 stasiun dengan 36 plot vegetasi. Matriks pasokan-permintaan dikembangkan menggunakan penilaian berbasis pakar (skala 0-5) yang divalidasi dengan data biofisik untuk 20 jasa ekosistem. Hasil menunjukkan total kapasitas pasokan 295 titik (49,2% dari maksimum), didominasi jasa budaya (43,7%), diikuti jasa pengaturan (36,3%) dan penyediaan (20,0%). Permintaan agregat hanya 79 poin (13,2%), tertinggi pada layanan pengaturan (41,8%). Keseluruhan kritis teridentifikasi: jasa budaya berkapasitas tinggi sangat kurang dimanfaatkan (utilisasi 6-10%), sementara jasa penyediaan kayu mengalami eksploitasi berlebih (3-4× kapasitas regenerasi), menyebabkan degradasi 15-20 ha/tahun dan penurunan kerapatan kanopi dari 93,95% (2015) menjadi 50,51% (2025). Kemiskinan energi dan ketiadaan mata pencaharian alternatif merupakan pendorong utama. Strategi pengelolaan yang direkomendasikan meliputi: pengembangan ekowisata berbasis masyarakat (potensi Rp 320-912 juta/tahun), transisi energi, skema pembayaran jasa karbon biru (potensi Rp 1,09-3,85 miliar/tahun), dan penguatan tata kelola kolaboratif. Tanpa intervensi, degradasi parah diproyeksikan terjadi dalam 15-20 tahun..

Keywords


jasa ekosistem mangrove; CICES v5.1; analisis pasokan-permintaan; karbon biru; pengelolaan pesisir; Papua Barat Daya

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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.32.1.2026.1-15

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