PERFORMA VAKSIN IKAN ‘TRIVALEN-SA’ PASCAPENYIMPANAN SELAMA 12 BULAN UNTUK PENCEGAHAN KO-INFEKSI STREPTOCOCCOSIS DAN MOTILE AEROMONAS SEPTICEMIA PADA IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus)
Abstract
Riset ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efikasi dan keamanan vaksin ikan ‘Trivalen-SA’ pascapenyimpanan selama 12 bulan untuk pencegahan ko-infeksi streptococcosis dan motile Aeromonas septicemia (MAS) pada ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Ikan uji yang digunakan adalah ikan nila yang sudah specific pathogen free dengan bobot 8 ± 1,2 g. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah aplikasi vaksin melalui: (1) Injeksi satu dosis (0,1 mL per ekor), (2) Injeksi dua dosis (0,2 mL per ekor), (3) Perendaman dalam larutan vaksin pada konsentrasi 107 CFU mL-1,(4) Injeksi 0,1 mL phosphate buffered saline (PBS) sebagai kontrol positif, dan (5) Perendaman dalam air segar selama 30 menit sebagai kontrol negatif. Efikasi vaksin dievaluasi dengan nilai relative percent survival (RPS) melalui uji tantang terhadap kedua jenis bakteri infektif penyusun formula vaksin. Uji keamanan vaksin dilakukan sesuai metode standar pengujian vaksin ikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa vaksin ikan ‘Trivalen-SA’ pada pengujian ini masih aman dan protektif dengan hasil secara kuantitatif lebih baik karena nilai RPS terhadap infeksi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila berkisar antara 15,79-29,82%; bakteri Streptococcus agalactiae (non-hemolitik) antara 25,92-48,15%, dan bakteri S. agalactiae (β-hemolitik) antara 18,52-40,75%. Proteksi sinergis terhadap ko-infeksi ketiga jenis atau biotipe bakteri adalah 27,37% untuk injeksi satu dosis; 39,57% untuk injeksi dua dosis, dan 22,54% untuk perendaman. Hasil terbaik berdasarkan kinerja sintasan dan pertambahan bobot tubuh ikan nila dengan nilai RPS mencapai 39,57% apabila diberikan vaksin melalui injeksi dua dosis (0,2 mL per ekor).
A study was conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of the ‘Trivalen-SA’ fish vaccine after 12 months of storage in preventing co-infection by streptococcosis and motile Aeromonas septicemia (MAS) in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Specific pathogen-free tilapia with a weight of 8 ± 1,2 g were used as the test fish. The treatments included: (1) Injection with a single dose (0.1 mL per fish), (2) Injection with a double dose (0.2 mL per fish), (3) Immersion with the vaccine solution in 107 CFU mL-1, (4) Injection with 0.1 mL phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as a positive control, and (5) Immersion with freshwater for 30 minutes as a negative control. Vaccine efficacy was assessed using relative percent survival (RPS) values obtained from the challenge tests against each bacterial species in the vaccine. Vaccine safety was evaluated according to standard fish vaccine testing protocols. The results showed that the ‘Trivalen-SA’ vaccine in this study remained safe and effective indicated by RPS value against Aeromonas hydrophila ranged from 15.79 to 29.82%, non-hemolytic Streptococcus agalactiae ranged from 25.92 to 48.15%, and β-hemolytic S. agalactiae ranged from 18.52 to 40.75%. The synergistic protection against co-infection by all three bacterial species or biotypes was 27.37% for the single-dose injection, 39.57% for the double-dose injection, and 22.54% for the immersion method. The best results based on the survival performance and body weight gain of tilapia with an RPS value reached 39.57% when given the vaccine through double-dose injection (0.2 mL per fish).
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abu‐Elala, N. M., Samir, A., Wasfy, M., & Elsayed, M. (2019). Efficacy of injectable and immersion polyvalent vaccine against streptococcal infections in broodstock and offspring of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 88, 293–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.042
Amal, M. N. A., Saad, M. Z., Zahrah, A. S., & Zulkafli, A. R. (2018). Water quality influences the presence of Streptococcus agalactiae in cage cultured red hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis mossambicus. Aquaculture Research, 46(2), 313–323. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12180
Amend, D. F. (1981). Potency testing of fish vaccine. Fish Biologics: Serodiagnostics and Vaccines, 49, 447-454.
Amos, K. H. (1985). Procedures for the detection and identification of certain fish pathogens, Third edition. Fish Health Section, American Fisheries Society.
Austin, B., & Austin, D. A. (2016). Bacterial fish pathogens: Disease of farmed and wild fish. Sixth Edition. Springer International Publishing Switzerland.
Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (1999). SNI 01-6141. Produksi benih ikan nila hitam (Oreochromis niloticus Bleeker) kelas benih sebar. Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2009). SNI 7545.3. Metode identifikasi bakteri pada ikan secara konvensional – Bagian 3: Streptococcus iniae dan Streptococcus agalactiae. Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2015). SNI 7303.1. Identifikasi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila pada ikan - Bagian 1: Metode konvensional. Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
Buller, N. B. (2004). Bacteria from Fish and other aquatic animals: A practical identification manual. CABI Publishing.
Busch, R. A. (1997). Polyvalent vaccines in fish: the interactive effects of multiple antigens. Developments in Biological Standardization, 90, 245–256.
Chideroli, R. T., Amoroso, N., Mainardi, R. M., Suphoronski, S. A., de Padua, S. B., Alfieri, A. F., Alfieri, A. A., Mosela, M., Moralez, A. T. P., de Oliveira, A. G., Zanola, R., Di Santis, G. W., & Pereira, U. P. (2017). Emergence of a new multidrug-resistant and highly virulent serotype of Streptococcus agalactiae in fish farms from Brazil. Aquaculture, 479, 45-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.05.013
Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use. (2013). Guideline on the design of studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of fish vaccines. European Medicines Agency.
Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan Budidaya. (2014). Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Perikanan Budidaya No. 163/Kep-DJPB/2014 tentang daftar jenis-jenis penyakit utama pada perikanan budidaya yang perlu dilakukan monitoring secara berkala. Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan Budidaya.
Dong, H. T., Techatanakitarnan, C., Jindakittikul, P., Thaiprayoon, A., & Taengphu, S. (2017). Aeromonas jandaei and Aeromonas veronii caused disease and mortality in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Journal of Fish Diseases, 40(10), 1395–1403. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12617
Dwinanti, S. H., Sukenda, Yuhana, M., & Lusiastuti, A. M. (2014). Toksisitas dan imunogenisitas produk ekstraseluler Streptococcus agalactiae tipe non-hemolitik pada ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Jurnal Akuakultur Rawa Indonesia, 2(1), 105–116. https://doi.org/10.36706/jari.v2i1.2058
El-daim, A., Eman, A., Gawad, A., Amel, M., El Asely, Elabd, H., Matter, A. F., Youssuf, H., Shaheen, A.A., & Abbass., A. A. (2023). Impacts of Streptococcal infection on nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Egyptian farms with special reference to diagnosis and prevention. Benha Veterinary Medical Journal, 44(1), 71-78. https://doi.org/10.21608/bvmj.2023.175940.1612
Firdausi, A. P., Sukenda, & Nuryati, S. (2018). Efikasi vaksinasi pada benih ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) dengan metode infiltrasi hiperosmotik untuk mencegah infeksi Streptococcus agalactiae. Jurnal Veteriner, 18(4), 634-641. https://doi.org/10.19087/jveteriner.2017.18.4.634
Food and Agriculture Organization. (2017). Global aquaculture production. Food and Agriculture Organization. http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/ global-production/en
Hardi, E. H., Sukenda, Enang, H., & Lusiastuti, A. M. (2011). Karakteristik dan patogenisitas Streptococcus agalactiae tipe β-hemolitik dan non-hemolitik pada ikan nila. Jurnal Veteriner, 12(2), 152-164.
Hoai, T. D., Trang, T. T., van Tuyen, N., Giang, N. T. H., & Van, K. V. (2019). Aeromonas veronii caused disease and mortality in channel catfish in Vietnam. Aquaculture, 513, 734425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734425
Iregui, C., Barato, P., Rey, A., Vasquez, G., & Verjan, N. (2014). Epidemiology of Streptococcus agalactiae and streptococcosis in tilapia fish. iConcept Press Ltd.
Kayansamruaj, P., Pirarat, N., Katagiri, T., Hirono, I., & Rodkhum, C. (2014). Molecular characterization and virulence gene profiling of pathogenic Streptococcus agalactiae populations from tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) farms in Thailand. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 26(4), 488–495. https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638714534237
Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. (2021). Produksi perikanan budidaya, Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. Satu data KKP. Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan.
Kong, W. G., Qin, D. C., Mu, Q. J., Dong, Z. R., Luo, Y. Z., Ai, T. S., & Xu, Z. (2022). Mucosal immune responses and protective efficacy in yellow catfish after immersion vaccination with bivalent inactivated Aeromonas veronii and Edwardsiella ictaluri vaccine. Water Biology and Security, 1(2), 100032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watbs.2022.100032
Liu, C., Chang, O. Q., Zhang, D. F., Li, K. B., & Wang, F. (2018). Aeromonas shuberti as a cause of multi-organ necrosis in internal organs of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Journal of Fish Diseases, 41(10), 1529–1538. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12848
Liu, G., Zhu, J., Chen, K., Gao, T., Yao, H., Liu, Y., Zhang, W., & Lu, C. (2016). Development of Streptococcus agalactiae vaccines for tilapia. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 122, 163–170, 2016 https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03084
Liu, L., Lu, D. -Q., Xu, J., Luo, H. -L., & Li, A. -X. (2019). Development of attenuated erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus agalactiae vaccine for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture. Journal of Fish Diseases, 42(5), 693–701. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12977
Lusiastuti, A. M., Taukhid, Maskur, Murwantoko, Prayitno, S. B., Sugiani, D., & Caruso, D. (2020). Building and improving the capacity of fish and environmental health management strategy in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 521, 012016. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/521/1/012016
Midtlyng, P. J., Reitan, L. J., & Speilberg, L. (1996). Experimental studies on the efficacy and side-effects of intraperitoneal vaccination of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) against furunculosis. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 6(5), 335–350. https://doi.org/10.1006/fsim.1996.0034
Mohammadi, Y., Mesbah, M., Dezfoulnejad, M. C., Mehrgan, M. S., & Islami, H. R. (2021). Growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, immune response, and antioxidant defense of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) fingerlings exposed to monovalent and bivalent vaccines against Streptococcus iniae and Vibrio harveyi. Aquaculture International, 29, 2751–2767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-021-00776-5
Monir, M. S., Yusoff, S. B. M., Mohamad, A., Ngoo, M. S. B. M. H., & Ina‐Salwany, M. Y. (2020). Haemato‐immunological responses and effectiveness of feed‐based bivalent vaccine against Streptococcus iniae and Aeromonas hydrophila infections in hybrid red tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus × O. niloticus). BMC Veterinary Research, 16, 226. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02443-y
Nakanishi, T., & Ototake, M. (1997). Antigen uptake and immune responses after immersion vaccination, Developments in Biological Standardization, 90, 59–68.
Nissa, K., Sukenda, Junior, M. Z., Lusiastuti, A. M., & Nuryati, S. (2016). Benih keturunan induk ikan nila yang divaksinasi pada tingkat kematangang gonad-2 lebih tahan terhadap infeksi Streptococcus agalactiae. Jurnal Veteriner, 17(3), 355–364. https://doi.org/10.19087/jveteriner.2016.17.3.355
Ototake, M., Moore, J. D., & Nakanishi, T. (1999). Prolonged immersion improves the effectiveness of dilute vibrio vaccine for rainbow trout. Fish Pathology, 34(3), 151–154. https://doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.34.151
Plant, K. P., & LaPatra, S. E. (2011). Advances in fish vaccine delivery. Developmental & Comparative Immunology, 35(12), 1256–1262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2011.03.007
Pradeep, P. J., Suebsing, R., Sirithammajak, S., Kampeera, J., Turner, W., Jeffs, A., Kiatpathomchai, W., & Withyachumanarnkul, B. (2017). Vertical transmission and concurrent infection of multiple bacterial pathogens in naturally infected red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.). Aquaculture Research, 48, 2706–2717. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13102
Rahmi, Nisaa, K., Akmal, Mardiana, Chadijah, A., & Salam, N. I. (2021). Peningkatan ketahanan benih ikan nila salin (Oreochromis niloticus) terhadap penyakit Streptococcosis melalui vaksinasi induk. Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada, 23(1), 31-36. https://doi.org/10.22146/jfs.60280
Ren, Z., Cai, Y., Wang, S., Liu, S., & Li, A. (2019). First case of Aeromonas schubertii infection in brackish water wild Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, in China. Aquaculture, 501, 247–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.11.036
Reynalta, R., Yuhana, M., & Lusiastuti, A. M. (2019). Efektivitas vaksin bacterial Streptococcus agalactiae dengan penyalut berbeda terhadap peningkatan kinerja imunitas ikan nila Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758). Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia, 19(2), 205-215. https://doi.org/10.32491/jii.v19i2.478
Rodkhum, C., Kayansamruaj, P., & Pirarat, N. (2011). Effect of water temperature on susceptibility to Streptococcus agalactiae serotype Ia infection in nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 41(3), 309–314.
Sarjito, Nanda, M., Sulisyaningrum, Haditomo, A. H. C., Desrina, & Prayitno, S. B. (2021). Selektif bakteri yang berasosiasi dengan kematian ikan nila (Oreochromus niloticus) di Kabupaten Magelang. Saintek Perikanan: Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology, 17(1), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.14710/ijfst.17.1.%p
Sharpe, C. S. (2007). Physiological stress responses to automated and hand vaccine injection procedures in yearling coho salmon. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 69(2), 180–184. https://doi.org/10.1577/A06-004.1
Sohn, H., Kwon, H., Lee, S., Wan, Q., & Lee, J. (2023). Development of a trivalent vaccine for prevention of co-infection by Miamiensis avidus and Tenacibaculum maritimum in farmed olive flounder. Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 26(10), 605-616. https://doi.org/10.47853/FAS.2023.e52
Sommerset, I., Krossøy, B., Biering, E., & Frost, P. (2014). Vaccines for fish in aquaculture. Expert Review of Vaccines, 4(1), 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1586/14760584.4.1.89
Suhermanto, A., Sukenda, Zairin Jr., M., Lusiastuti, A. M., & Nuryati, S. (2019). Characterization of Streptococcus agalactiae bacterium isolated from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture in Indonesia. AACL Bioflux, 12(3), 756–766.
Sukenda, Firmansyah, A. L., Rahman, Nuryati, S., & Hidayatullah, D. (2018). Efficacy of Streptococcus agalactiae vaccine strains N3M and N4M in fry tilapia infected by different strains of S. agalactiae. Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia, 17(2), 168-180. https://doi.org/10.19027/jai.17.2.168-180
Taukhid, Lusiastuti, A. M., Andriyanto, S., Sugiani, D., Sumiati, T., & Suhermanto, A. (2021). Efficacy of inactive bivalent and trivalent Streptococcus agalactiae bacteria (biotype 1 & 2) vaccines on tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. E3S Web of Conferences, 322, 02014. https://doi.org/10.1051/E3SCONF/202132202014
Taukhid, & Purwaningsih, U. (2011). Penapisan isolate bakteri Streptococcus spp. Sebagai kandidat antigen dalam pembuatan vaksin, serta efikasinya untuk pencegahan penyakit streptococcosis pada ikan nila, Oreochromis niloticus. Jurnal Riset Akuakultur, 6(1), 103–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.6.1.2011.103-118
Taukhid, Purwaningsih, U., & Lusiastuti, A. M. (2014). Efikasi beberapa sediaan vaksin Streptococcus agalactiae-N14G untuk pencegahan penyakit streptococcosis pada ikan nila, Oreochromis niloticus. Jurnal Riset Akuakultur, 9(2), 295-305. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.9.2.2014.295-305
Taukhid, Purwaningsih, U., Sugiani, D., Sumiati, T., & Lusiastuti, A. M. (2015). Efikasi vaksin in-aktif bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila-AHL0905-2 (hydrovac) and Streptococcus agalactiae-N14G (streptovac) untuk pencegahan penyakit bacterial pada ikan budidaya air tawar. Jurnal Riset Akuakultur, 10(4), 541-551. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.10.4.2015.541-551
Taukhid, Sumiati, T., & Andriyanto, S. (2018). Efektivitas metode aplikasi vaksin trivalent untuk pencegahan penyakit bakteri potensial pada budidaya ikan air tawar. Jurnal Riset Akuakultur, 13(1), 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.13.1.2018.67-76
Taukhid, Wajdy, E. F., Sugiani, D., Nafiqoh, N. (2023). Streptococcosis on nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Indonesian freshwater aquaculture. Omni-Akuatika, 19(1), 1- 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.oa.2023.19.1.1005
World Health Organization. (1979). Stability testing of pertussis vaccines prepared from different B. pertussis strains. World Health Organization. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/70153
Yanong, R. P. E., & Francis-floyd, R. (2013). Streptococcal infections of fish, Circular 57. University of Florida.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.19.4.2024.277-298
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
