MANAJEMEN BUDIDAYA UDANG VANAME BERKELANJUTAN BERBASIS PENDEKATAN SOSIAL, EKONOMI, EKOLOGI, INSTITUSI, DAN TEKNOLOGI: STUDI KASUS DI UJUNG GENTENG, SUKABUMI
Abstract
Keberlanjutan pengelolaan akuakultur merupakan aspek krusial untuk memastikan produktivitas jangka panjang dan kesehatan lingkungan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi status keberlanjutan budidaya udang vaname (Penaeus vannamei) di kawasan Ujung Genteng, Sukabumi, melalui pendekatan multidimensi yang mencakup dimensi sosial, ekonomi, ekologi, institusional, dan teknologi. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries (RAPFISH) berbasis pendekatan multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) yang dimodifikasi untuk memasukkan dimensi teknologi serta validasi melalui ulangan Monte Carlo sebanyak 25 kali. Hasil menunjukkan dimensi teknologi memperoleh skor tertinggi (77,325), mengindikasikan "sangat berkelanjutan", sementara dimensi lainnya, termasuk sosial (59,237), ekonomi (68,236), ekologi (61,856), dan institusional (60,215), dikategorikan sebagai "cukup berkelanjutan". Dimensi sosial, ekonomi, ekologi, dan institusional memiliki atribut sensitif, berpotensi meningkatkan status keberlanjutan dari cukup berkelanjutan menjadi berkelanjutan hingga sangat berkelanjutan, yang meliputi semangat gotong royong dan hubungan dengan pemerintah (sosial), tujuan pemasaran dan penyerapan tenaga kerja (ekonomi), tingkat pemanfaatan lahan dan kualitas air tambak (ekologi) serta skala usaha dan kemitraan kelembagaan (institusional). Penekanan juga diberikan pada integrasi teknologi canggih seperti sistem nanobubble, pemberi pakan otomatis, energi surya, dan pemantauan real-time berbasis IoT. Inovasi-inovasi ini menunjukkan potensi signifikan dalam meningkatkan kadar oksigen terlarut, efisiensi pakan serta pengurangan biaya operasional, yang berkontribusi pada pertumbuhan udang yang lebih baik dan penurunan tingkat kematian. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya pendekatan holistik yang mengombinasikan kemajuan teknologi, keterlibatan komunitas, dan dukungan institusional untuk mencapai praktik akuakultur yang berkelanjutan. Rekomendasi untuk penelitian mendatang mencakup pengujian aplikasi yang lebih luas di berbagai lingkungan akuakultur serta pengembangan teknologi adaptif untuk menghadapi tantangan yang muncul di sektor budidaya udang.
Sustainability in aquaculture management is essential to ensure long-term productivity and environmental health. This study evaluates the sustainability status of whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) farming in Ujung Genteng, Sukabumi, using a multidimensional approach covering social, economic, ecological, institutional, and technological dimensions. The Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries (RAPFISH) method, based on multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) and modified to include technology, was applied with 25 Monte Carlo iterations for validation. Results indicate that the technological dimension achieved the highest score (77.325), categorized as “highly sustainable”, while other dimensions, including social (59.237), economic (68.236), ecological (61.856), and institutional (60.215), were considered “moderately sustainable”. Sensitive attributes in social, economic, ecological, and institutional dimensions have the potential to improve sustainability status from moderately sustainable become sustainable to highly sustainable, including community cooperation and government relations (social), market orientation and employment absorption (economic), land use intensity and pond water quality (ecological), as well as business scale and institutional partnerships (institutional). The study highlights the role of advanced technologies such as nanobubble systems, automatic feeders, solar energy, and IoT-based real-time monitoring. These innovations can enhance dissolved oxygen levels, improve feed efficiency, reduce operational costs, and ultimately support better shrimp growth and lower mortality rates. Overall, the findings emphasize the importance of a holistic approach combining technological innovation, community involvement, and institutional support to achieve sustainable aquaculture. Future research is recommended to expand applications across diverse aquaculture environments and to develop adaptive technologies for emerging challenges in shrimp farming.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Agus, N. I., & Susilo, A. (2017). Economic impact of sustainable aquaculture on community livelihoods. Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development, 9(2), 85–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfad.2017.08.012
Alder, J., Pitcher, T. J., Preikshot, D., Kaschner, K., & Ferriss, B. E. (2000). How good is good?: A rapid appraisal technique for evaluation of the sustainability status of fisheries of the North Atlantic. Fisheries Centre Research Reports, 8(2), 136–185. University of British Columbia.
Ariandi, R., & Mukti, J. (2023). Strategi keberlanjutan agroforestry di Desa Ulusaddang Kabupaten Pinrang. Gorontalo Journal of Forestry Research, 6(2), 73–88. https://doi.org/10.32662/gjfr.v6i2.578
Azari, M., & Wirdanengsih, W. (2022). Jaringan sosial pedagang dalam mempertahankan usaha pada masa pandemi di kawasan Jembatan Siti Nurbaya. Jurnal Perspektif: Jurnal Kajian Sosiologi dan Pendidikan, 5(3), 404–412. https://doi.org/10.24036/perspektif.v5i3.666
Daulay, M. S. M., Hasanah, U., Yunita, M., Yudhira, A., Lubis, H., & Paryogi, O. (2023). Penyuluhan peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat melalui pengembangan potensi desa di Desa Pantai Labu, Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Welfare – Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 1(2), 639–645. https://doi.org/10.30762/welfare.v1i4.967
Erwina, Y., Kurnia, R., & Yonvitner, Y. (2016). Status keberlanjutan sumber daya perikanan di perairan Bengkulu. Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan, 10(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v10i1.1245
Farid, A., Ubaya, R. D. N., Arisandi, A., & Soecahyo, D. (2024). Sustainable fisheries management of flying fish (Decapterus spp.) with Rapfish analysis in Pasongsongan waters, East Java, Indonesia. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries, 28(3), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2024.354882
Fauzi, A., & Anna, S. (2005). Pemodelan sumberdaya perikanan dan kelautan untuk analisis kebijakan. Gramedia.
Fernandes, S., & Dmello, A. (2025). Artificial intelligence in the aquaculture industry: Current state, challenges and future directions. Aquaculture, 598, 742048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2024.742048
Fitri, A., Haeran, H., Munip, A., & Devi, E. K. (2024). Penyuluhan hukum tentang pengurusan izin usaha UMKM di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur. Nusantara Community Service Journal, 1(2), 46–54. https://doi.org/10.70437/jtjwz279
Herdiansyah, H. (2019). Pengelolaan konflik sumber daya alam terbarukan di perbatasan dalam pendekatan ekologi politik. Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, 7(2), 143–151. https://doi.org/10.18196/hi.72134
Irfan, M., Ahmad, R., & Younis, S. (2019). Solar energy for sustainable aquaculture: A case study on cost-efficiency in shrimp farming. Renewable Energy Journal, 10(1), 28–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.03.009
Joffre, O. M., Klerkx, L., & Khoa, T. N. D. (2018). Aquaculture innovation system analysis of transition to sustainable intensification in shrimp farming. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 38, 34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-018-0511-9
Kantal, D., Arun, K., & Ganie, P. A. (2025). Economic implications of information technology in aquaculture and fisheries. In P. A. Ganie, R. Posti, & P. K. Pandey (Eds.), Information technology in fisheries and aquaculture (pp. 227–250). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8553-7_13
Kavanagh, P., & Pitcher, T. J. (2004). Implementing Microsoft Excel software for KOLIM Rapfish: A technique for the rapid appraisal of fisheries status. Fisheries Centre Research Reports, 12(2), 1–75. University of British Columbia.
Kewcharoen, W., & Srisapoome, P. (2019). Probiotic effects of Bacillus spp. from Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) on water quality and shrimp growth, immune responses, and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus (AHPND strains). Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 94, 175–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.013
Khanjani, M. H., & Sharifinia, M. (2020). Biofloc technology as a promising tool to improve aquaculture production. Aquaculture Research, 51(5), 1836–1850. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12412
Kumar, G., Engle, C., & Tucker, C. (2018). Factors driving aquaculture technology adoption. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 49(3), 447–476. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12514
Lee, H. J., Park, S. W., & Kim, K. (2019). Enhancing aquaculture sustainability through nanobubble technology: A review. Aquaculture and Environmental Impact Journal, 13(4), 47–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2019.04.001
Ligate, E. J., Chen, C., & Wu, C. (2018). Evaluation of tropical coastal land cover and land use changes and their impacts on ecosystem service values. Ecosystem Health and Sustainability, 4(8), 188–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/20964129.2018.1512839
Lutfi, M. (2018). Upaya meningkatkan komunikasi antar budaya dengan tujuan harmonisasi hegemoni warga. Jurnal Network Media, 1(2), 1–35.
Muhsoni, F. F., Zainuri, M., & Abida, I. (2021). Evaluasi pemanfaatan Pelabuhan Kamal untuk wisata bahari pasca pembangunan Jembatan Suramadu menggunakan pemodelan Rapfish. Jurnal Kebijakan Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan, 11(1), 63–73. https://doi.org/10.15578/jksekp.v11i1.8230
Mustafa, A., Syah, R., Paena, M., Sugama, K., Kontara, E. K., Muliawan, I., Suwoyo, H. S., Asaad, A. I. J., Asaf, R., Ratnawati, E., Athirah, A., Makmur, Suwardi, & Taukhid. (2023). Strategy for developing whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) culture using intensive/super-intensive technology in Indonesia. Sustainability, 15(3), 1753. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15031753
Nababan, B. O., Sari, Y. D., & Hermawan, M. (2017). Analisis keberlanjutan perikanan tangkap skala kecil di Kabupaten Tegal Jawa Tengah (teknik pendekatan Rapfish). Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan, 12(2), 137–158. https://doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v12i2.5231
Okeyo, A. O., Njiru, M., & Achieng, M. (2015). Community engagement and sustainable fish farming in Africa. African Journal of Aquatic Science, 40(3), 321–329. https://doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2015.1074065
Olaganathan, R., & Mun, A. T. K. (2017). Impact of aquaculture on the livelihoods and food security of rural communities. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 5(2), 278–283.
Pearce, D. W., & Turner, K. (1991). Economics of natural resources and the environment. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Prapti, D. R., Shariff, A. R. M., Man, H. C., Ramli, N. M., Perumal, T., & Shariff, M. (2021). Internet of Things (IoT)-based aquaculture: An overview of IoT application on water quality monitoring. Reviews in Aquaculture, 14(2), 979–992. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12637
Pratiwi, E., Sujana, I. N., & Haris, I. A. (2019). Persepsi dan partisipasi masyarakat terhadap penerapan program kerja Bumdes Dwi Amertha Sari di Desa Jinengdalem. Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi Undiksha, 11(1), 285–293. https://doi.org/10.23887/jjpe.v11i1.20193
Rahman, M. M., & Rahman, M. A. (2020). Integration of IoT and aquaculture: Enhancing shrimp farming efficiency. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 8(6), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8060416
Sabran, F. W., & Rusfian, E. Z. (2023). Penggunaan Internet of Things pada eFishery untuk keberlanjutan akuakultur di Indonesia. Innovative: Journal of Social Science Research, 3(2), 8142–8156.
Safitri, W., Nofrizal, Bustari, & Riska, F. (2024). Status keberlanjutan perikanan tangkap rawai di Kelurahan Teluk Meranti, Kabupaten Pelalawan: Aspek ekonomi, ekologi dan teknologi. Berkala Perikanan Terubuk, 52(1), 1–10.
Savari, A., Sharifzadeh, M., & Karami, A. (2024). Assessing sustainability performance of community-based fish farming cooperatives: A comprehensive checklist. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 24, 100469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2024.100469
Silvia, D., & Muhsoni, F. F. (2024). Analisis status pengelolaan ekowisata di Pulau Gili Labak Sumenep menggunakan metode Rapfish. Journal of Marine Research, 13(3), 397–406. https://doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v13i3.42037
Soomro, A., Lee, J. H., & Kim, S. H. (2020). Automatic feeder technology and its impact on feed efficiency in aquaculture. Aquaculture Research and Development, 12(3), 132–140. https://doi.org/10.1002/ard.2020.12.3.132
Sugiyono. (2014). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Sung, W. K., Park, S. J., & Choi, H. J. (2021). Internet of Things (IoT) applications in sustainable aquaculture: Real-time monitoring and smart feeding systems. Aquaculture and Fisheries Science, 5(1), 45–57.
Syamsu, I. F., Nugraha, A. Z., Nugraheni, C. T., & Wahwakhi, S. (2018). Kajian perubahan tutupan lahan di ekosistem mangrove Pantai Timur Surabaya. Media Konservasi: Scientific Journal in Conservation Environment & Ecotourism, 23(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.29244/medkon.23.2.122-131
Tari, T. S., & Ramasre, J. R. (2024). Enhancing aquaculture sustainability through nanobubble technology: A comprehensive overview. Chronicle of Aquatic Science, 1(9), 38–42.
Xu, W., Zhang, B., Zhao, Y., & Cao, Y. (2025). Effect of stocking density on water quality, harmful nitrogen control, and production performance of Penaeus vannamei in biofloc-based systems with limited water exchange. Fishes, 10(7), 326. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes10070326
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.20.2.2025.121-145
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
