RESPON PERTUMBUHAN DAN SINTASAN LARVA IKAN TUNA SIRIP KUNING (Thunnus albacares) TERHADAP PERLAKUAN WARNA DINDING BAK YANG BERBEDA

Ananto Setiadi, Gunawan Gunawan, Jhon Harianto Hutapea, Kasful Anwar

Abstract


Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh tingginya mortalitas larva hingga fase juvenil pada pemeliharaan larva tuna sirip kuning, terutama akibat kanibalisme dan tabrakan larva/benih dengan dinding wadah. Studi sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa warna gelap meningkatkan sintasan larva, sementara warna terang mengurangi kematian pada fase juvenil, namun belum ada pendekatan yang mengombinasikan kedua kondisi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh perubahan warna dinding bak pemeliharaan terhadap pertumbuhan dan sintasan larva hingga fase benih. Dua perlakuan dalam penelitian ini : (A) dinding bak berwarna hitam pada fase larva (D-0–D-15) kemudian diubah menjadi putih pada fase juvenil awal (D-16–D-30), dan (B) dinding bak tetap hitam sepanjang pemeliharaan sebagai kontrol. Penelitian dilakukan tiga ulangan dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Larva dipelihara dalam bak beton berkapasitas 6 m³ dengan padat tebar 90.000 telur per bak, diberi pakan bertahap berupa rotifer, naupli kopepoda, larva kerapu, larva bandeng, hingga nener bandeng, serta dikelola dengan manajemen kualitas air sesuai standar hatchery tuna. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa warna dinding bak tidak memengaruhi pertumbuhan larva, namun berpengaruh signifikan terhadap sintasan. Perlakuan B (bak hitam sepanjang pemeliharaan) menghasilkan sintasan lebih tinggi pada D-30 (0,36 ± 0,06%) dibandingkan perlakuan A (0,20 ± 0,01%) dengan p<0,05. Sementara itu, respon pertumbuhan menunjukan tidak beda nyata. Secara keseluruhan, penggunaan dinding bak berwarna hitam selama seluruh periode pemeliharaan memberikan sintasan larva-benih yang lebih baik dibandingkan kombinasi perubahan warna. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kondisi visual lingkungan yang lebih gelap lebih sesuai untuk mengurangi stres dan mortalitas larva tuna sirip kuning sepanjang fase awal kehidupannya.

This study was motivated by the high mortality rate of yellowfin tuna larvae rearing during the transition to the early juvenile stage, mainly due to cannibalism and collision with tank walls. Previous studies have shown that dark colors increase larval survival, while light colors reduce mortality in the juvenile phase, but there has been no approach that combines the two conditions. This study aims to evaluate the effect of color changes in the walls of the care tub on the growth and survival of larvae to the seed phase. Two treatments in this study : (A) black tank walls during the larval phase (D-0–D-15) followed by white walls during early juvenile rearing (D-16–D-30), and (B) continuously black tank walls throughout rearing as the control. The study was conducted with three replications using a completely randomized design (RAL). Larvae were reared in 6 m³ concrete tanks stocked with 90,000 eggs per tank and fed gradually with rotifers, copepod nauplii, grouper larvae, milkfish larvae, and milkfish fry, supported by standard hatchery water-quality management. The results showed that tank wall color did not significantly affect larval growth but had a significant effect on survival. Treatment B (black walls throughout rearing) produced a higher survival rate at D-30 (0,36 ± 0,06%) compared with Treatment A (0,20 ± 0,01%) with p<0.05. Meanwhile, the growth response shows no real difference Overall, maintaining fully black tank walls throughout the rearing period yielded better larval-to-seed survival, indicating that a darker visual environment reduces stress and mortality in early life stages of yellowfin tuna.


Keywords


larva; pertumbuhan; sintasan; Thunnus albacares; tuna sirip kuning; warna wadah; larvae; growth; survival rate; yellowfin tuna; Thunnus albacares; tank color

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.20.4.2025.369-383