EFFECT OF FERMENTED FIG FLOUR (Ficus racemosa L.) SUBSTITUTION ON PROTEIN AND LIPID RETENTION IN GIANT GOURAMI (Osphronemus goramy Lacepede, 1801)

Ramadani Fitra, Indra Junaidi Zakaria, Fuji Astuti Febria, Witri Winanda, Mona Fathia

Abstract


Ficus racemosa has considerable potential as a plant-based ingredient for partially replacing soybean meal in diets for giant gourami. Fermenting fig flour with Effective Microorganisms-4 (EM-4) is expected to enhance protein quality and improve nutrient utilization. This study evaluated the effects of substituting artificial feed with fermented fig flour on protein and lipid retention in giant gourami cultured under aquaculture conditions. The experiment employed a completely randomized design with five dietary treatments containing 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% fermented fig flour, each with five replicates. All diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous, with a crude protein content of 32%. Fig flour was aerobically fermented for 72 hours using EM-4 prior to diet formulation. A total of 250 juvenile giant gourami (initial body weight 15–20 g) were reared for 70 days and fed twice daily at a feeding rate of 3% of total biomass. Fish length and weight were recorded at 14-day intervals. Protein and lipid retention were determined based on proximate analyses conducted at the beginning and end of the experiment. The results showed that dietary inclusion of fermented fig flour significantly affected protein and lipid retention (p < 0.05). The highest protein retention (18.41 ± 0.86%) and lipid retention (36.03 ± 1.60%) were observed in fish fed the diet containing 30% fermented fig flour. These findings indicate that partial substitution of artificial feed with 30% fermented fig flour improves nutrient retention efficiency and represents a promising strategy for developing cost-effective and sustainable diets for giant gourami culture.

Ficus racemosa memiliki potensi yang besar sebagai bahan pakan nabati untuk menggantikan sebagian tepung kedelai dalam pakan ikan gurami. Fermentasi tepung buah ara menggunakan Effective Microorganisms-4 (EM-4) diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas protein dan memperbaiki pemanfaatan nutrien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh substitusi pakan buatan dengan tepung buah ara terfermentasi terhadap retensi protein dan lipid pada ikan gurami yang dibudidayakan dalam lingkungan terkontrol. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima perlakuan pakan yang mengandung tepung buah ara terfermentasi sebesar 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, dan 40%, masing-masing dengan lima ulangan. Seluruh pakan diformulasikan secara isonitrogenus dengan kadar protein kasar sebesar 32%. Tepung buah ara difermentasi secara aerob selama 72 jam menggunakan EM-4 sebelum diformulasikan ke dalam pakan. Sebanyak 250 ekor benih ikan gurami (bobot awal 15–20 g) dipelihara selama 70 hari dan diberi pakan dua kali sehari dengan dosis 3% dari total biomassa. Panjang dan bobot ikan diukur setiap 14 hari. Retensi protein dan lipid ditentukan berdasarkan analisis proksimat yang dilakukan pada awal dan akhir percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung buah ara terfermentasi dalam pakan berpengaruh nyata terhadap retensi protein dan lipid ikan gurami (p < 0,05). Retensi protein tertinggi (18,41 ± 0,86%) dan retensi lipid tertinggi (36,03 ± 1,60%) diperoleh pada ikan yang diberi pakan dengan kandungan 30% tepung buah ara terfermentasi. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa substitusi sebagian pakan buatan dengan 30% tepung buah ara terfermentasi dapat meningkatkan efisiensi retensi nutrien dan merupakan strategi yang menjanjikan untuk pengembangan pakan ikan gurami yang lebih ekonomis dan berkelanjutan.


Keywords


fermentation; Ficus racemosa; giant gourami; lipid; protein; retention; fermentasi; Ficus racemosa; ikan gurami; lemak; protein; retensi

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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.20.4.2025.329-338