EFEKTIVITAS PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG KUNYIT (Curcuma longa Linn.) PADA PAKAN PASTA TERFERMENTASI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN KELULUSHIDUPAN LARVA IKAN PATIN STRAIN PUSTINA (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)

Abstract

Keberhasilan pembenihan ikan patin strain Pustina (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) sangat bergantung pada ketersediaan benih yang berkualitas, khususnya pada fase larva yang memiliki tingkat mortalitas dan kanibalisme relatif tinggi. Salah satu faktor penentu keberhasilan pada fase ini adalah kualitas pakan. Larva ikan patin umumnya diberi pakan alami berupa Artemia sp. dan cacing sutra, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pakan komersial (PF-0). Namun, strategi pemberian pakan tersebut belum sepenuhnya mampu mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan larva. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan inovasi pakan melalui proses fermentasi serta penambahan bahan aditif alami yang berpotensi meningkatkan performa larva. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas penambahan tepung kunyit (Curcuma longa Linn.) dalam pakan pasta terfermentasi terhadap pertumbuhan, kelulushidupan, dan tingkat kanibalisme larva ikan patin strain Pustina. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 40 hari di Laboratorium Pembenihan dan Pemuliaan Ikan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Riau. Penelitian disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan meliputi P1 sebagai kontrol tanpa penambahan tepung kunyit (0,0 g kg⁻¹ pakan), P2 (1,5 g kg⁻¹ pakan), P3 (3,0 g kg⁻¹ pakan), P4 (4,5 g kg⁻¹ pakan), dan P5 (6,0 g kg⁻¹ pakan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung kunyit memberikan pengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap pertambahan bobot mutlak, panjang mutlak, laju pertumbuhan spesifik, serta kelulushidupan larva ikan patin. Perlakuan P5 memberikan hasil terbaik dengan pertambahan bobot mutlak sebesar 1,53 g, pertambahan panjang mutlak 6,06 cm, laju pertumbuhan spesifik 15,91% hari⁻¹, dan kelulushidupan larva sebesar 86,22%. Perlakuan P5 jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol, hasilnya menunjukkan peningkatan pertambahan bobot sebesar 25,24%, pertambahan panjang 34,82%, laju pertumbuhan spesifik 3,66%, serta kelulushidupan sebesar 10,23%. Selama penelitian, kualitas air berada pada kisaran optimal, yaitu suhu 26,6–28,6°C, oksigen terlarut 5,7–6,8 mg L⁻¹, dan pH 6,5–7,1. Tepung kunyit berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan aditif pakan yang mudah diaplikasikan guna mendukung peningkatan produksi benih ikan patin strain Pustina.

Striped catfish hatchery production of the Pustina strain (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) is highly dependent on the availability of high-quality seed, particularly during the larval stage, which is characterized by relatively high mortality and cannibalism rates. One of the key factors determining success at this stage is feed quality. Striped catfish larvae are commonly fed natural diets such as Artemia sp. and tubifex worms, followed by commercial feed (PF-0). However, this feeding strategy has not yet fully optimized larval growth and survival. Therefore, feed innovation through fermentation and the addition of natural feed additives is required to improve larval performance. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) powder supplementation in fermented paste feed on growth, survival rate, and cannibalism level of striped catfish larvae. The experiment was conducted for 40 days at the Fish Hatchery and Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Riau, using a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications, namely P1 (0.0 g kg⁻¹), P2 (1.5 g kg⁻¹), P3 (3.0 g kg⁻¹), P4 (4.5 g kg⁻¹), and P5 (6.0 g kg⁻¹) turmeric powder supplementation in the feed. The results showed that turmeric powder supplementation had a significant effect (p<0.05) on absolute weight gain, absolute length gain, specific growth rate, and survival rate of striped catfish larvae. The best performance was obtained in treatment P5, with an absolute weight gain of 1.53 g, an absolute length gain of 6.06 cm, a specific growth rate of 15.91% day⁻¹, and a survival rate of 86.22%. Compared with the control treatment (P1), P5 increased weight by 25.24%, length by 34.82%, specific growth rate by 3.66%, and survival rate by 10.23%. During the experimental period, water quality parameters remained within optimal ranges, with temperatures of 26.6–28.6°C, dissolved oxygen levels of 5.7–6.8 mg L⁻¹, and pH values of 6.5–7.1. Turmeric powder has the potential to be used as a feed additive that is easy to apply and can support the sustainable improvement of Pustina strain striped catfish  fingerling production.