Diagnosa Agen Penyakit Ikan di Kecamatan Cibereum, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiagnosis agen penyakit ikan yang dibudidayakan di Kecamatan Cibereum, Sukabumi. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis survei lapangan dengan menggunakan metode observasi melalui survei dan wawancara pada lokasi yang ditentukan, serta melakukan pengamatan sampel di laboratorium untuk pemeriksaan agen penyakit, kemudian data dikumpulkan lalu dianalisis secara deskriptif. Pemeriksaan agen penyakit meliputi diagnosis level 1 berdasarkan histori berlangsungnya kegiatan budidaya melalui pengamatan langsung dan wawancara dengan pembudidaya. Sedangkan diagnosis level 2 yaitu pemeriksaan secara mikrobiologi di laboratorium. Jenis ikan yang diperiksa yaitu ikan nila Oreochromis niloticus dan ikan gurami Osphronemus goramy yang berasal dari 5 lokasi budidaya. Parameter yang diamati diantaranya prevalensi, intensity, mean abundance, mean intensity ektoparasit dan endoparasit, pemeriksaan jenis bakteri, dan pemeriksaan darah ikan, dan kemudian data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diagnosis level 1 menunjukkan bahwa ikan yang dibudidayakan menunjukkan abnormalitas diantaranya tubuh ikan berwarna pucat, terdapat pendarahan, muncul jamur pada sisik ikan, warna insang tidak normal dan bergerak soliter di permukaan air di pojokan kolam. Hasil diagnosis level 2 menunjukkan bahwa bakteri Flavobacterium, Cardiobacterium, dan Bordetella pertusis terdapat pada semua sampel yang diperiksa. Pemeriksaan parasit menunjukkan hasil prevalence (P) terhadap parasit Tricodina sp., Oodinium, Gyrodactylus Dactylogyrus 100%, intensity (I) 25-56, mean intensity (MI) 25.2, dan mean abundance (MA) 25.2. Hasil pemeriksaan darah menunjukkan bahwa jumlah sel darah merah (SDM) berkisar 8.49 x 105 sel/mm3 , hemoglobin antara 8-22%g, dan hematokrit 0.16- 0.35%. Berdasarkan hasil diagnosis level 1 dan 2 pada lima sampel di lokasi budidaya di Cibereum dinyatakan bahwa ikan dalam kondisi sakit.

This research aims to diagnose disease agents in fish cultivated in Cibereum District, Sukabumi. This research is a type of field survey using observation methods through surveys and interviews at specified locations, as well as observing samples in the laboratory to examine disease agents, and then the data collected is analyzed descriptively. Examination of disease agents includes level 1 diagnosis based on the history of cultivation activities through direct observation and interviews with cultivators. Meanwhile, level 2 diagnosis is a microbiological examination in the laboratory. The types of fish examined were tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and gourami Osphronemus goramy which came from 5 cultivation locations. The parameters observed included prevalence, intensity, mean abundance, mean intensity of ectoparasites and endoparasites, examination of bacterial types, and examination of fish blood, and then the data was analyzed descriptively. The research results showed that a level 1 diagnosis showed that the fish being farmed showed abnormalities including pale fish bodies, bleeding, fungus appearing on the fish scales, abnormal gill color, and solitary movement on the surface of the water in the corner of the pond. Level 2 diagnosis results showed that Flavobacterium, Cardiobacterium, and Bordetella pertussis bacteria were present in all samples examined. Parasite examination showed that the prevalence (P) of Tricodina sp., Oodinium, Gyrodactylus Dactylogyrus parasites was 100%, intensity (I) 25-56, mean intensity (MI) 25.2, and mean abundance (MA) 25.2. The results of blood tests showed that the number of red blood cells (HR) was around 8.49 x 105 cells/mm3 , hemoglobin between 8-22%g, and hematocrit 0.16-0.35%. Based on the results of diagnosis levels 1 and 2 on five samples at the cultivation location in Cibereum, it was stated that the fish were sick.