Uji Efektivitas Antibiotik Cyprofloxacin, Enrofloxacin, Oxytetracycline Untuk Menghambat Bakteri Patogen Aeromonas Hydrophila Secara In Vitro Dan In Vivo

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh jenis antibiotik dan dosis terbaik dalam menghambat bakteri patogen Aeromonas hydrophila (AHA). Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kesehatan dan Lingkungan Program Studi Teknologi dan Manajemen Pembenihan Ikan, Sekolah Vokasi IPB Sukabumi. Penelitian menggunakan metode tunggal dengan dua ulangan dan 10 perlakuan, yaitu: kontrol (K), P1 ciprofloxacin dosis 0,01 ppm, P2 ciprofloxacin dosis 0,02 ppm, P3 ciprofloxacin dosis 0,03 ppm, P4 enrofloxacin dosis 10 ppm, P5 enrofloxacin dosis 15 ppm, P6 enrofloxacin dosis 20 ppm, P7 oksitetrasiklin dosis 40 ppm, P8 oksitetrasiklin dosis 50 ppm, dan P9 oksitetrasiklin dosis 60 ppm. Pada metode kombinasi, digunakan dua ulangan dengan empat perlakuan, yaitu tiga perlakuan terbaik dari metode tunggal dan satu kontrol: K (kontrol), P1 ciprofloxacin dosis 3000 ppm + oksitetrasiklin dosis 60 ppm, P2 enrofloxacin dosis 10 ppm + ciprofloxacin dosis 0,003 ppm, dan P3 oksitetrasiklin dosis 60 ppm + enrofloxacin dosis 10 ppm. Sementara itu, pada metode ko-kultur digunakan dua ulangan dengan empat perlakuan, yaitu: P0 (kontrol/AHA), P2 enrofloxacin dosis 10 ppm, P3 ciprofloxacin dosis 3000 ppm, dan P4 oksitetrasiklin dosis 60 ppm. Parameter yang diamati meliputi zona hambat dan total jumlah bakteri patogen. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, antibiotik ciprofloxacin pada dosis tunggal 0,003 ppm menunjukkan efektivitas paling tinggi terhadap bakteri patogen Aeromonas hydrophila, dengan zona hambat sebesar 18,4 mm. Pada metode kultur gabungan, ciprofloxacin juga terbukti paling efektif terhadap bakteri AHA, dengan hasil total plate count (TPC) terendah sebesar 5,7 × 10⁵ CFU/ml. Uji in vivo dengan ciprofloxacin dosis 3000 ppm menghasilkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup (SR) sebesar 55%.

This study aimed to determine the most effective type and dose of antibiotics to inhibit the pathogenic bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila. The research was conducted at the Health and Environmental Laboratory of the Fish Hatchery Technology and Management Study Program, IPB Sukabumi Vocational School. The study used a single-treatment method with two replications and ten treatments, namely: control (K), P1 ciprofloxacin at a dose of 0.01 ppm, P2 ciprofloxacin at 0.02 ppm, P3 ciprofloxacin at 0.03 ppm, P4 enrofloxacin at 10 ppm, P5 enrofloxacin at 15 ppm, P6 enrofloxacin at 20 ppm, P7 oxytetracycline at 40 ppm, P8 oxytetracycline at 50 ppm, and P9 oxytetracycline at 60 ppm. In the combination method, two replications were used with four treatments: three best treatments from the single method and one control, namely: K (control), P1 ciprofloxacin at 3000 ppm + oxytetracycline at 60 ppm, P2 enrofloxacin at 10 ppm + ciprofloxacin at 0.003 ppm, and P3 oxytetracycline at 60 ppm + enrofloxacin at 10 ppm. Meanwhile, in the coculture method, two replications and four treatments were applied: P0 (control/AHA), P2 enrofloxacin at 10 ppm, P3 ciprofloxacin at 3000 ppm, and P4 oxytetracycline at 60 ppm. The observed parameters included the inhibition zone and total pathogenic bacterial count. Based on the results, ciprofloxacin at a single dose of 0.003 ppm was the most effective against Aeromonas hydrophila, with an inhibition zone of 18.4 mm. In the combination culture method, ciprofloxacin also proved to be the most effective against AHA bacteria, with the lowest total plate count (TPC) result of 5.7 × 10⁵ CFU/ml. The in vivo test using ciprofloxacin at a dose of 3000 ppm resulted in a survival rate (SR) of 55%.