Determinan Ketahanan Pangan Rumah Tangga Nelayan di Desa Sungai Kakap, Kecamatan Sungai Kakap

Abstract

Rumah tangga nelayan di wilayah pesisir sangat bergantung pada hasil tangkapan ikan yang rentan terhadap produktivitas rendah dan fluktuasi harga. Kondisi ini menjadikan mereka kelompok yang rentan terhadap kerawanan pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai tingkat ketahanan pangan dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya pada rumah tangga nelayan di Desa Sungai Kakap. Data diperoleh dari 90 rumah tangga melalui wawancara dan observasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model ordinal logit. Penilaian ketahanan pangan didasarkan pada dua indikator utama, yaitu proporsi pengeluaran untuk pangan dan tingkat kecukupan energi (TKE). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata 62% pendapatan rumah tangga dialokasikan untuk konsumsi pangan, sedangkan pengeluaran non-pangan sebesar 38%. Rata-rata asupan energi per individu hanya mencapai 1.255 kkal/hari (60% dari kebutuhan), sementara asupan protein sudah mencukupi sebesar 59,82 gram. Ketidakseimbangan ini menunjukkan adanya kekurangan energi yang signifikan dan menggambarkan kondisi gizi yang perlu mendapat perhatian. Sebagian besar rumah tangga dikategorikan rawan pangan karena tingginya proporsi pengeluaran pangan (≥60%) dan rendahnya asupan energi (≤80%). Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ketahanan pangan adalah pengeluaran rumah tangga (P = 0,095), harga beras (P = 0,079), harga tempe (P = 0,031), dan akses kredit (P = 0,032). Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya kebijakan yang mendukung penguatan ekonomi rumah tangga nelayan melalui diversifikasi pendapatan, stabilisasi harga pangan, perluasan akses kredit disertai edukasi keuangan, serta intervensi gizi yang menekankan kecukupan energi dan konsumsi pangan seimbang.

Title: Determinant of Food Security Fishing Household in Sungai Kakap Village, District of Sungai Kakap

The primary revenue source for coastal fishing households is derived from fish catches, which are subject to limitations such as diminished productivity and volatile fish prices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of food security and to analyse its determinants in fisher households in Sungai Kakap Village. Information was collected from 90 fishing households through interviews and observations, then analysed using a special model. This study used two different ways of classifying people's spending habits. It looked at how much money people spent on food and how much energy they had each day. The results showed that the largest part of household income (62%) was spent on food, while non-food spending made up 38% of household expenditure. On average, fishing households only get 60% of the energy they need from food, which is about 1,255 kcal per day, and they only eat 59.82 grams of protein. Even though they are getting enough protein, they are having many energy problems, so we need to look at the nutritional situation of the fishing households in Sungai Kakap Village. The way fishing households in Sungai Kakap are fed is similar to how food insecurity is defined, because they spend more than 60% of their income on food and don't get enough energy from their food (less than 80%). The main determinants of food security in this study were household expenditure (P = 0.095), rice price (P = 0.079), tempeh price (P = 0.031), and access to credit (P = 0.032). These findings highlight that improving food security must be supported by strengthening the economic capacity of fishing households through livelihood diversification, stabilization of staple food prices, expanded access to credit accompanied by financial education, and nutritional interventions focusing on energy adequacy and balanced dietary intake to ensure sustainable food security in coastal communities.