PERAN PEREMPUAN DALAM PENGUATAN KEMANDIRIAN EKONOMI RUMAH TANGGA MELALUI USAHA BUDIDAYA RUMPUT LAUT DI KABUPATEN BONE

Abstract

Perempuan pesisir memiliki peran strategis dalam budidaya rumput laut, namun kontribusinya terhadap penguatan ekonomi keluarga masih terbatas akibat rendahnya kapabilitas teknis, terbatasnya akses permodalan, dan lemahnya dukungan kelembagaan. Penelitian mengenai pemberdayaan ekonomi perempuan pada sektor budidaya rumput laut umumnya masih bersifat deskriptif dan belum banyak mengkaji hubungan struktural antara kapabilitas teknis, akses permodalan, dukungan kelembagaan, dan kemandirian ekonomi rumah tangga pesisir, khususnya di Kabupaten Bone. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran perempuan dalam penguatan ekonomi keluarga melalui usaha budidaya dan pengolahan rumput laut di Kecamatan Tanete Riattang, Kabupaten Bone serta menyusun model empiris pemberdayaan perempuan pesisir berbasis usaha rumput laut. Penelitian menggunakan metode mixed methods dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif deskriptif yang dilaksanakan pada Januari–Desember 2025. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan kuesioner terhadap 42 perempuan pembudidaya rumput laut. Analisis data menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman serta Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perempuan berperan dominan pada tahapan pra-produksi, produksi, dan pascapanen serta berkontribusi terhadap diversifikasi pendapatan keluarga melalui pengembangan usaha berbasis rumah tangga dan produk bernilai tambah. Kapabilitas teknis dan dukungan kelembagaan terbukti berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kemandirian ekonomi rumah tangga pesisir.

TITLE: THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN STRENGTHENING HOUSEHOLD ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE THROUGH SEAWEED CULTIVATION ENTERPRISES IN BONE REGENCY

Coastal women play a strategic role in seaweed cultivation; however, their contribution to strengthening household economies remains constrained by limited technical capacity, inadequate access to capital, and weak institutional support. Existing studies on women’s economic empowerment in the seaweed cultivation sector have predominantly been descriptive and have paid limited attention to the structural relationships among technical capacity, access to capital, institutional support, and the economic independence of coastal households, particularly in Bone Regency. This study aims to analyze the role of women in strengthening household economies through seaweed cultivation and processing activities in Tanete Riattang District, Bone Regency, and to formulate an empirical model for empowering coastal women based on seaweed-related enterprises. The study employed a mixed-methods approach integrating qualitative and descriptive quantitative methods, conducted from January to December 2025. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and questionnaires involving 42 women engaged in seaweed cultivation activities. Data analysis was performed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model and Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The findings indicate that women play a dominant role across the pre-production, production, and post-harvest stages, while also contributing to household income diversification through the development of home-based enterprises and value-added seaweed products. Furthermore, technical capacity and institutional support were found to have a positive and significant effect on the economic independence of coastal households.