KETIDAKBERDAYAAN STRUKTURAL DAN KETAHANAN KOMUNITAS NELAYAN TRADISIONAL

Rahmaniar Maulani; Nuke Martiarini

doi:10.15578/marina.v12i1.19184

KETIDAKBERDAYAAN STRUKTURAL DAN KETAHANAN KOMUNITAS NELAYAN TRADISIONAL

Rahmaniar Maulani, Nuke Martiarini

Abstract

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kondisi nelayan tradisional yang mengalami marginalisasi ekonomi, sosial, dan hukum sehingga menimbulkan ketidakberdayaan struktural yang berkelanjutan. [N1.1]Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif interpretatif dengan melibatkan empat partisipan utama nelayan Kota Semarang melalui Focus Group Discussion (FGD), serta dua partisipan pendukung yang merupakan ketua KNTI dan KPPI Kota Semarang, kemudian diikuti dengan go-along interview[N2.1], observasi partisipatif, dan photo-elicitation[N3.1] untuk memahami bentuk-bentuk ketidakberdayaan nelayan tradisional dan strategi untuk bertahan secara kolektif. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kawasan pesisir Kota Semarang pada bulan Agustus-September 2025. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis Reflexive Thematic Analysis (RTA). Hasil menunjukkan tiga dinamika utama, yaitu: (1) gambaran umum sosial ekonomi nelayan tradisional yang mendorong nelayan berutang sebagai mekanisme bertahan hidup; (2) ketidakberdayaan yang muncul dari dependensi pada musim, alat tangkap, relasi kerja yang tidak setara, minimnya pilihan pekerjaan, struktur pasar yang tidak berpihak, lemahnya legalitas kepemilikan kapal, dan birokrasi yang terbelit-belit. (3) Munculnya ketahanan komunitas (community resilience) sebagai upaya mengurangi ketidakberdayaan pada masyarakat pesisir melalui peran gender yang saling melengkapi di mana laki-laki memaknai melaut sebagai tanggung jawab, sementara perempuan menopang ekonomi keluarga melalui penjualan dan pengolahan hasil laut, jaringan sosial masyarakat pesisir berupa gotong royong, dan dukungan organisasi non-pemerintah sebagai modal sosial dalam perlindungan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa ketidakberdayaan nelayan bukan hanya persoalan individual melainkan hasil ketimpangan struktural yang dapat diperkecil melalui penguatan nilai kolektif. Rekomendasi kebijakan meliputi penguatan dan pelembagaan kelompok gotong royong nelayan berbasis komunitas.

TITLE: STRUCTURAL DISEMPOWERMENT AND THE RESILIENCE OF TRADITIONAL FISHING COMMUNITIES

This study investigates the structural powerlessness experienced by traditional fishers as a consequence of economic, social, and legal marginalisation. Employing a qualitative interpretive approach, the research engaged four primary participants—traditional fishers in Semarang City—through focus group discussions (FGDs), complemented by two key informants representing the Indonesian Traditional Fisherfolk Union (KNTI) and the Indonesian Fishers Association (KPPI). Data collection involved FGDs, in-depth interviews, participant observation, and photo-elicitation to capture both lived experiences and collective survival strategies. The study was conducted in the coastal areas of Semarang between August and September 2025 and analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis (RTA). The findings reveal three interrelated dynamics: (1) precarious socio-economic conditions that drive chronic indebtedness as a coping mechanism; (2) structural constraints, including dependence on seasonal fishing, unequal labour relations, limited livelihood diversification, unfavourable market systems, insecure asset ownership, and bureaucratic complexity; and (3) emergent community resilience, reflected in gendered livelihood roles, mutual aid practices (gotong royong), and support from civil society organisations. Overall, the study demonstrates that fisher powerlessness is rooted in structural inequalities rather than individual limitations, underscoring the needto strengthen institutional support for community-based systems.

Keywords

marginalisasi; ketidakberdayaan; ketahanan komunitas; nelayan tradisional; ketimpangan struktural

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/marina.v12i1.19184