PENILAIAN DAN PENGENDALIAN RISIKO KESELAMATAN KERJA PADA AKTIVITAS OPERASIONAL KAPAL PERIKANAN
Abstract
Keselamatan kerja awak kapal penangkap ikan menjadi aspek penting dalam menjaga keberlanjutan usaha perikanan tangkap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis risiko dan menyusun prosedur kerja aman dengan mengintegrasikan metode HIRADC (Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Determining Control) dan JSA (Job Safety Analysis) pada kapal penangkap ikan. Pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif digunakan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan telaah dokumen keselamatan terhadap tiga area utama kapal: dek penangkapan (deck area), kamar mesin (engine room), dan ruang penyimpanan hasil tangkap (fish hold). Analisis HIRADC mengidentifikasi 15 aktivitas utama dengan risiko bervariasi dari rendah hingga tinggi. Lima kegiatan dengan tingkat risiko tertinggi yaitu menarik jaring, mengoperasikan winch, pemeriksaan oli dan filter, pengisian bahan bakar, dan pengambilan hasil tangkapan di palka. Selanjutnya dilakukan dianalisis menggunakan metode JSA untuk menentukan langkah pengendalian spesifik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan kontrol teknis, administratif, dan penggunaan alat pelindung diri mampu menurunkan tingkat risiko kerja hingga dua kategori dalam matriks penilaian. Integrasi metode HIRADC dan JSA menghasilkan sistem pengendalian risiko yang komprehensif dan aplikatif, meningkatkan kesadaran keselamatan (safety awareness), memperkuat budaya keselamatan di kapal serta mendukung penerapan standar internasional.
Occupational safety for fishing vessel crews is a crucial aspect in ensuring the sustainability of capture fisheries operations. This study aims to analyze occupational risks and develop safe working procedures by integrating HIRADC (Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Determining Control) and JSA (Job Safety Analysis) methods on fishing vessels. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed through observation, interviews, and document review focusing on three main vessel areas: the deck area, engine room, and fish hold. The HIRADC analysis identified 15 major activities with varying levels of risk, ranging from low to high. Five high-risk activities hauling nets, operating winches, checking oil and filters, refueling, and unloading fish in the hold were further analyzed using the JSA method to determine specific control measures. The results indicate that implementing engineering, administrative, and personal protective equipment controls effectively reduced work risks by up to two categories in the risk matrix. The integration of HIRADC and JSA provides a comprehensive and practical risk control system, enhances safety awareness, strengthens the onboard safety culture, and supports compliance with international standards.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/salamata.v8i1.18197
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