Peran Budi Daya Keramba Jaring Apung Pada Aliran Rantai Pasok, Tantangan dan Peluang Industri Akuakultur di Karimun Jawa
Abstract
Budi daya perairan yang menggunakan metode Keramba Jaring Apung (KJA) merupakan industri yang sedang berkembang dan memberikan manfaat ekonomi bagi masyarakat pesisir. KJA merupakan salah satu metode yang dapat mendorong peningkatan produksi serta optimalisasi pemanfaatan lahan budi daya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis aliran rantai pasok, tantangan dan peluang di industri akuakultur guna meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat pesisir. Tujuan penelitian untuk memetakan aliran rantai pasok dari hulu ke hilir serta mengidentifikasi tantangan dan peluang pengembangan produk sampingan ikan. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan kerangka berpikir FSCN (Food Supply Chain Networks) yang dipetakan lima elemen rantai pasok diantaranya pra panen (pemasok benih ikan dan pembudi daya ikan) dan pasca panen (pengepul ikan hidup dan mati, pengecer dan konsumen akhir). Hasil penelitian menunjukan rantai pasok terintegrasi dengan baik antara para pelaku dan industri pengolahan ikan. Hasil analisis kinerja rantai pasok menggunakan margin pemasaran dan farmer’s share menunjukkan bahwa saluran II lebih efisien karena margin pemasarannya rendah, namun nilai farmer’s share-nya tinggi. Sementara itu, tantangan dan peluang yang teridentifikasi meliputi regulasi zonasi perairan, ekspor, serta pengolahan produk sampingan ikan kerapu cantang dengan membuat keripik kulit, abon dan berbagai aksesoris untuk sumber pendapatan tambahan bagi masyarakat. Pemanfaatan produk sampingan ikan kerapu cantang berpotensi memberikan keuntungan bagi produsen utama dan sektor pangan (seperti pembudi daya ikan, peternakan, dan pertanian) di Karimun Jawa, Jepara. Rekomendasi kebijakan meliputi peningkatan akses masyarakat terhadap teknologi budi daya dan pengolahan ikan, pembinaan dan pelatihan untuk pengembangan produk sampingan olahan ikan, dukungan pemerintah dalam penyediaan infrastruktur untuk keperluan budi daya ikan.
Title: The Role of Floating Net Cage Farming in the Supply Chain Flow, Challenges and Opportunities of the Aquaculture Industry in Karimun Java
Aquaculture utilizing the Floating Net Cage (KJA) method is a growing industry that provides economic benefits to coastal communities. KJA is one of the methods that can enhance production and optimize the utilization of aquaculture land. This research was conducted to analyze the supply chain flow, challenges, and opportunities in the aquaculture industry to improve the welfare of coastal communities. The study aims to map the supply chain flow from upstream to downstream and identify challenges and opportunities in developing fish by-products. The research method employs a qualitative approach with the Food Supply Chain Networks (FSCN) framework, mapping five supply chain elements, including pre-harvest (fish seedsuppliers and fish farmers) and post-harvest (collectors of live and dead fish, retailers, and end consumers). The findings indicate that the supply chain is well-integrated between stakeholders and the fish processing industry. Supply chain performance analysis using marketing margin and farmer’s share shows that Channel II is more efficient due to its low marketing margin but high farmer’s share. Meanwhile, the identified challenges and opportunities include water zoning regulations, export policies, and the processing of hybrid grouper (kerapu cantang) by-products into value- added products such as fish skin chips, shredded fish flakes (abon), and various accessories, providing additional income sources for the community. The utilization of hybrid grouper by- products has the potential to benefit primary producers and the food sector (e.g., fish farmers, livestock, and agriculture) in Karimun Jawa, Jepara.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v20i2.15764
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