Analisis Kelayakan Usaha dan Efisiensi Faktor Produksi Budi Daya Udang Vaname (Litopennaeus Vannamei) di Kabupaten Barru
Abstract
Perbedaan sistem budi daya dan kebiasan lokal petambak tanpa perhitungan input-output yang rasional berpotensi menurunkan efisiensi dan kelayakan usaha udang vaname. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kelayakan usaha dan efisiensi faktor produksi budi daya udang vaname di Kabupaten Barru pada dua Desa Sentra, yaitu Desa Corawali (tradisional) dan Desa Lawallu (semi-intensif). Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif melalui analisis kelayakan finansial serta analisis efisiensi faktor produksi menggunakan fungsi produksi Cobb-Douglas yang dilanjutkan dengan perhitungan efisiensi alokatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usaha budi daya di kedua desa layak diusahakan (R/C > 1), namun Desa Lawallu memiliki Net Profit lebih besar dan Payback Period lebih cepat dibandingkan Desa Corawali. Luas lahan dan jumlah benih merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap produksi. Analisis efisiensi alokatif menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan lahan di kedua desa cenderung berlebihan, sementara jumlah benih di Desa Lawallu masih perlu dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengaturan kembali skala lahan dan padat tebar sesuai daya dukung tambak, serta dukungan pemerintah melalui perbaikan fasilitas irigasi di Desa Corawali dan pelatihan pengelolaan pakan serta teknologi budi daya ramah lingkungan untuk mendukung produksi yang berkelanjutan.
Title: Analysis of Business Feasibility and Optimization of Production Factors of Vaname Shrimp Cultivation in Barru Regency
Differences in cultivation systems and local practices of farmers without rational input-output calculations have the potential to reduce the efficiency and feasibility of vannamei shrimp farming. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of the business and the efficiency of production factors of vannamei shrimp farming in Barru Regency in two central villages, namely Corawali Village (traditional) and Lawallu Village (semi-intensive). The method used is a quantitative method through financial feasibility analysis and production factor efficiency analysis using the Cobb-Douglas production function followed by allocative efficiency calculations. The results show that the cultivation business in both villages is feasible (R/C > 1), but Lawallu Village has a greater Net Profit and a faster Payback Period than Corawali Village. Land area and number of seeds are the most influential factors on production. The allocative efficiency analysis shows that land utilization in both villages tends to be excessive, while the number of seeds in Lawallu Village still needs to be utilized optimally. Therefore, it is necessary to rearrange the land scale and stocking density according to the carrying capacity of the pond, as well as government support through improving irrigation facilities in Corawali Village and training in feed management and environmentally friendly cultivation technologies to support sustainable production.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v20i1.16095
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