PARAMETER POPULASI IKAN TONGKOL KRAI (Auxis thazard) DI PERAIRAN SIBOLGA DAN SEKITARNYA
Abstract
Tongkol krai (Auxis thazard) merupakan salah satu jenis ikan pelagis dengan nilai ekonomis tinggi di Indonesia, khususnya di perairan Sibolga dan sekitarnya. Eksploitasi terhadap spesies ini terus meningkat sepanjang tahun dan umumnya tertangkap oleh alat tangkap pukat cincin. Tingkat eksploitasi yang intensif terhadap spesies ini tidak disertai dengan studi kajian stok seperti penentuan parameter populasi. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah menentukan beberapa parameter populasi yang dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan pertimbangan pengelolaan perikanan tuna neritik di perairan Sibolga dan sekitarnya. Pengumpukan data yakni data bulanan ukuran panjang dan berat individu ikan dilakukan di PPN Sibolga selama bulan Januari – Desember 2013. Parameter populasi dihasilkan dari analisa berbasis data panjang menggunakan perangkat lunak FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools II (FiSAT-II). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan panjang ikan tongkol krai yang tertangkap berkisar antara 19 - 45 cmFL atau panjang rata-rata 32,91 cmFL. Panjang asimtotik (L∞) sebesar 47,9 cmFL dengan koefisien laju pertumbuhan (K) sebesar 0,58 per tahun dan umur pada saat memijah (t0) sebesar -0,246 tahun. Nilai mortalitas alami (M) sebesar 1,08 per tahun, mortalitas akibat penangkapan (F) sebesar 0,63 per tahun dan mortalitas total (Z) 1,71 per tahun. Laju eksploitasi (E) relatif rendah yaitu 0,37 sehingga eksploitasinya berpeluang untuk ditingkatkan sekitar 30% dari tingkat exploitasi aktual tangkapan saat sekarang untuk mencapai pemanfaatan optimum (E = 0,5).
Frigate tuna (Auxis thazard) considered as one of the high-valued fish in Indonesian market, especially in Sibolga and its adjacent waters. The exploitation of this commodity is increasing every year and mainly contribued by purse seiners. However, there is lack of proper stock analysis such as determining of biological population parameters. The objective of this study was to obtain several biological population parameters based on length data. Size data was collected by enumerators based at PPN Sibolga from January to December 2013. The results showed that frigate tuna distributed from 19-45 cmFL with an average length of 32.91 cmFL. Asymptotic length (L∞) was estimated about 47.9 cmFL, growth rate (K) was 0.58 year-1 and the age in early condition (to) was -0.246 year. Total mortality (Z) was 1.71 year-1, natural mortality (M) was 1.08 year-1 and fishing mortality (F) was 0.63 year-1. The exploitation rate (E) of frigate tuna considered relativelly low (E=0.37). There is possibility to increase fishing effort about 30% of actual level.
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