BIOLOGI REPRODUKSI IKAN TENGGIRI (Scomberomorus commerson Lacepede, 1800) DI PERAIRAN TELUK KWANDANG, LAUT SULAWESI

Tegoeh Noegroho, Thomas Hidayat, Umi Chodriyah, Mufti P Patria

Abstract


Penelitian tentang aspek biologi tenggiri di Indonesia masih jarang dilakukan, padahal upaya pemanfaatannya telah lama dilakukan oleh nelayan. Ikan tenggiri di Teluk Kwandang penangkapannya dilakukan dengan alat tangkap purse seine dan pancing ulur. Data-data terkait biologi reproduksi ikan tenggiri di perairan Kwandang belum tersedia dengan baik, oleh sebab itu perlu dilakukan kajian yang lebih lengkap. Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai Kwandang merupakan pelabuhan baru, sehingga informasi terkait perikanan tenggiri pada khususnya sangat bermanfaat dalam pendataan dan rencana pengelolaannya. Penelitian telah dilakukan pada Februari-Desember 2012 di perairan Teluk Kwandang, Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara, dengan tujuan mengkaji aspek perikanan meliputi struktur ukuran, panjang bertama kali tertangkap dan biologi reproduksi meliputi: Tingkat Kematangan Gonad, Gonado Somatic Index (GSI), nisbah kelamin, panjang pertama kali matang gonad, diameter dan jumlah telur. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh struktur ukuran pada kisaran 25-138 cmFL, dengan rata-rata modus 60 cmFL. Panjang pertama kali tertangkap dengan purse seine dan pancing ulur masing-masing 64,7 cmFL dan 71,9 cmFL. Tingkat Kematangan Gonad ikan tenggiri didominasi oleh gonad belum matang 61,2%, dan kondisi matang gonad 38,8%. Puncak Gonado Somatic Index (GSI) terjadi pada bulan Mei, sehingga ikan tenggiri di Teluk Kwandang diduga memijah pada Mei-Juli. Nilai GSI mencapai puncaknya pada panjang ikan 98 cmFL, dan akan turun pada panjang ikan lebih dari 100 cmFL. Panjang pertama kali matang gonad ikan tenggiri adalah 80,4 cmFL, pada kisaran 79,3-81,6 cmFL. Jumlah telur ikan tenggiri berkisar 417.360-9.476.520 butir pada panjang ikan 65-103 cmFL. Berdasarkan perkembangan diameter telur setiap bulan menunjukkan tipe pemijahan ikan tenggiri adalah asynchronous dengan pola pemijahan partial spawner.

The study on biological aspects of spanish mackerel in Indonesia is uncommon, whereas the exploitation have been conducted historically. Spanish mackerel in the Kwandang Bay caught by purse seiner and handliner. The reproductive biology of mackerel fish in Kwandang waters was unavailable, therefore more study needed. Kwandang is a new port, so the information related to Spanish mackerel in particular is very useful in data collection and management plan. This research aims to assess biological aspect such as the size structure, the length at first captured and reproductive biology aspects (gonad maturity stage, Gonado Somatic Index (GSI), sex ratio, length at first maturity, number and diameter of oosit). The study was conducted in February-December 2012 in the Kwandang Bay waters, North Gorontalo regency. The results showed that the size structure ranged between 25-138 cmFL, with average mode 60 cmFL. The length at first capture caught (Lc) with purse seine and handline by 64,7 cmFL and 71,9 cmFL, respectively. The gonad maturity stage of the was dominated by 61,2% of immature and 38,8% of mature gonad. Gonado Somatic Index (GSI) peak was reached in May, and from this GSI value it is concluded that the Spanish mackerel spawned in May-July. The maximum GSI reached at 98 cmFL and decreased at fish length exceeded 100 cmFL. Length at first maturity (Lm) of the gonad was approximately 80,4 cmFL, within the size range between 79,3-81,6 cmFL. The number of spanish mackerel oosit ranged between 417.360-9.476.520, with size ranged between 65-103 cmFL. The monthly fluctuations of oosit diameter implied that spawning type of spanish mackerel was asynchronous with partial spawner spawning pattern.


Keywords


Tenggiri; reproduksi; pemijahan; Teluk Kwandang

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bawal.10.1.2018.69-84


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