TRUKTUR UKURAN DAN BEBERAPA PARAMETER POPULASI IKAN CAKALANG (Katsuwonus pelamis Linnaeus, 1758) DI SAMUDERA PASIFIK UTARA PAPUA
Abstract
Ikan cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis Linnaeus, 1758) merupakan salah satu sumberdaya ikan pelagis besar yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis penting. Informasi mengenai struktur ukuran dan beberapa parameter populasinya masih sangat terbatas khususnya di perairan Indonesia timur. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Morotai, Biak dan Jayapura dari Januari sampai Desember 2013. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis ukuran ikan yang tertangkap dan menganalisis parameter populasi meliputi laju pertumbuhan, mortalitas dan tingkat eksploitasi. Estimasi parameter pertumbuhan, mortalitas dan laju eksploitasi dihitung menggunakan program FiSAT (FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessement Tools). Ukuran ikan cakalang hasil tangkapan pancing tonda dan pancing ulur berkisar antara 15 – 94 cmFL (Fork Length), dengan modus antara 40-45 cmFL. Ukuran pertama kali tertangkap sebesar 40,1 cmFL dan kebanyakan adalah ukuran ikan yang sedang memijah. Hasil analisis menggunakan FiSAT II diperoleh laju pertumbuhan (K) sebesar 0,41/tahun, panjang asimptotik (L) 101,85 cmFL. Laju kematian alami (M) 0,6 / tahun, laju kematian karena penangkapan (F) 0,62 /tahun dan laju mortalitas total (Z) 1,22 /tahun. Tingkat eksploitasi ikan cakalang hampir fully exploited (E= 0,46). Disarankan tidak perlu ada penambahan upaya penangkapan atau status quo untuk menjaga agar sumberdaya ikan cakalang tetap terjaga kelestariannya.
Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis Linnaeus, 1758) is one of the large pelagic fish resources which have high economic value. Information on the size structure and population parameters is still limited especially in the waters of eastern Indonesia. The Research was conducted from January to December 2013 at Morotai, Biak and Jayapura. The aim of this study was to analyze the size of the fish caught and some of population parameters such as the growth rate, mortality rates, and exploitation rate. Estimated of growth parameters, mortality and exploitation rate using the program FiSAT (FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessement Tools). The size of skipjack tuna caught by troll line and handline in between 15-94 cmFL, with a mode of 40-45 cmFL. The Length at first capture was 40.1 cmFL, most of them had condition of spawning. By using program FiSAT II analysis resulted that growth rate (K) of skipjack tuna was 0.41/year, with length asimptotik (L) reaches 101.85 cmFL. The natural mortality rate (M) was 0.6 / year. The fishing mortality rate (F) was 0.62 / year and total mortality rate (Z) was 1.22 / year. The exploitation rate of skipjack tuna was nearly fully exploited (E = 0.46). It was recommended the exploitation rate of this fish should be no additional effort (status quo) to keep sustainability of the skipjack tuna resource.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adam, M.S. (1999). Population dynamics and assessment of Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in the Maldives. PhD thesis. Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of London.
Anonimus. (2014). Buku Tahunan Statistik Perikanan Tangkap Tahun 2013 (p. 63). Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan, Pemerintah Provinsi Papua.
Ashida, H, Tanabe, T., & Suzuki, N. (2009). Recent progress on reproductive biology of skipjack tuna in the tropical region of the Western and Central Pacific Ocean Scientific Committee Fifth Regular Session. (p 16). Port Vila, Vanuatu.
Atmaja, S.B., & Nugroho, D. (2004). Karakteristik parameter populasi ikan siro (Amblygaster sirm) dan model terapan Beverton dan Holt di Laut Natuna dan sekitarnya. J Lit Perik Ind. 10 (4), 9-15.
Bayliû, W.H. (1988). Growth of skipjack Katsuwonus pelamis and yellowûn tuna Thunnus albacares, in the Eastern Paciûc Ocean, as estimated from tagging data. Inter-Am. Trop. Tuna Comm. Bull. 19, 311–358.
Brouard, F., Grandperrin, R,. & Cillaurren, E. (1984). Croissance des jeunes thons jaunes (Thunnus albacares) et des bonites (Katsuwonus pelamis) dans le Paciûque tropical occidental. (p10). ORSTOM de Port-Vila, Notes Doc Océanogr.
Gayanilo, F.C.Jr, Sparre, P., & Pauly, D. (1996). FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools (FiSAT) user’s Guide (p. 126) FAO Computerised Information Series (Fisheries) No. 8 FAO. Rome.
Garbin, T & Castello, J.P. (2014). Changes in population structure and growth of skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis during 30 years of exploitation in the southwestern Atlantic. Lat Am J Aquat Res. 42(3), 534-546.
Gaertner, D, Molina, A.D, Ariz, J, Pianet, R., & Hallier, J.P. (2008). Variability of the growth parameters of the skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) among areas in the eastern Atlantic: analysis from tagging data within a meta-analysis approach. Aquat Living Resour. 21, 349–356 2008.
Gulland, JA. (1971). Fish Resources of the Ocean Fishing New Books, London. 255 p.
Hallier, JP & Gaertner, D. (2006). Estimated growth rate of the Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) tagging survey conducted in the Senegalese area (1996-1999) within a meta-analysis framework Col Vol Sci Pap ICCAT. 59(2), 411-420 2006.
Jamal M, Sondita, M.F.A, Haluan, J. & Wiryawan, B. (2011). Pemanfaatan data biologi ikan cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis) dalam rangka pengelolaan perikanan bertanggung jawab di perairan Teluk Bone Jurnal Natur Indonesia. 14(1)11, 107-113.
Koya, K.P.S., Joshi, K.K., Abdussamad, E.M., Rohit, P, Sivadas, M, Kuriakose, S, Ghosh, S,Koya, M, Dhokia, H.K., Prakasan, D, Koya,V.A.K.. & Sebastine, M. (2012). Fishery, biology and stock structure of skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758) exploited from Indian waters. Indian. J. Fish. 59(2), 39-47, 2012.
Kumasi, B., Usu, T., Baje, L., & Kumoru, L. (2012). Decomposition of tuna length frequency data from port sampling in Papua New Guinea Scientific Committee Eighth Regular Session, WCPFC-SC8-2012 Busan, Republic of Korea.
Matsumoto, W.M., Skillman, R.A., & Dizon, A.E. (1984). Synopsis of Biological Data on Skipjack Tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis (p. 92). NOAA Tech Rep NMFS Circ (451).
Pauly, D. (1980). On the inter-relationships between natural mortality, growth performanceand mean environmental temperature in 175 fish stock Journal du Conseil International pour I’ Exploration de la Mer. 39(3), 175-192.
Pauly, D. (1983). Some Simple Methods in Tropical Fish Stock Assessment (p. 80) FAO.
Pauly, D & David, N. (1981). ELEFAN-I a basic program for the objective extraction of growth parameters from Length frequency data Meeresforschung/Rep Mar Res. 28(4), 205-211.
Sparre, P & Venema, S.C. (1999). Introduksi Pengkajian Stok Ikan Tropis. (p. 438). Buku I: Manual FAO-DANIDA Puslitbang Perikanan-Departemen Pertanian RI.p
Siriraksophon, S. (2011). Summary on the status of tuna fisheries in the Western Central Pacific Ocean Report of the Special Meeting on Improvement of Tuna Information and Data Collection in Southeast Asia (pp. 1-27) Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC) Songkhla, Thailand.
Tanabe, T., Kayama, S., & Ogura, M. (2003). An outline of the growth study on skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in the Western Paciûc Doc IOTC WPTT-03-17.
Tandog-Edralin, D.D., Cortez-Zaragoza, E..C, Dalzell, P., & Pauly, D. (1987). Some biology and aspects of the population dynamics of Skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) in Philippine waters FAO/IPTP Meeting of Tuna Research Groups in the Southeast Asian Region, Manila, 25-28 August 1987.
Uchiyama, J.H., & Struhsaker, P. (1981). Age and growth of skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis, and yellowûn tuna, Thunnus albacares, as indicated by daily growth increments of sagittae. Fish Bull. 79, 151–162.
Wankowski, J.W.J. (1981). Estimated growth of surface schooling skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, and yellowûn tuna, Thunnus albacares, from the Papua New Guinea Region. Fish Bull. 79, 517–532.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bawal.9.2.2017.113-121
Bawal Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
View My Stats
p-ISSN 1907-8226
e-ISSN 2502-6410
