KEBIASAAN MAKANAN DAN INTERAKSI TROFIK KOMUNITAS UDANG PENAEID DI PERAIRAN ACEH TIMUR
Abstract
Udang penaeid merupakan komoditas perikanan udang yang umum tertangkap di perairan Aceh Timur. Pengelolaan perikanan udang dengan pendekatan ekosistem membutuhkan informasi terkait kebiasaan makanan udang dan interaksinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebiasaan makanan dan interaksi trofik komunitas udang penaeid di perairan Aceh Timur. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada April dan September tahun 2014-2015 serta April 2016 di perairan Aceh Timur. Contoh udang diperoleh dari tangkapan mini beam trawl dan hasil tangkapan nelayan. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan indeks bagian terbesar, tingkat trofik, luas relung dan interaksinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komunitas udang penaeid di perairan pantai Aceh Timur terdapat sekitar 20 jenis udang pada stadia yuwana hingga dewasa. Kebiasaan makanan pada 8 jenis udang penaeid dominan berbeda tergantung spesiesnya dengan makanan utama berupa krustasea, detritus dan moluska. Interaksi trofik menunjukkan terdapat peluang kompetisi yang tinggi antara Penaeus monodon dengan Penaeus sp., Fenneropenaeus indicus, F. merguiensis dan Parapenaeopsis stylifera coromandelica serta Metapenaeus brevicornis dengan M. ensis karena memanfaatkan sumberdaya makanan yang sama.
The penaeid shrimps communities have been caught in the waters of East Aceh and some become the main fisheries commodities. Management of shrimp fisheries with ecosystem approach required information related to its food habits and their interactions. The purpose of this study were to examine food habits and trophic interactions of penaeid shrimp communities in the East Aceh waters. The study was conducted in April and September 2014-2015 and April 2016 in the waters of East Aceh. Shrimp samples were obtained from mini beam trawl and fisherman catches. The analysis was performed using index of preponderance, trophic level, niche breadth and its interaction. The results showed that the community of Penaeid shrimp in East Aceh coastal waters consisted of about 20 species of shrimp in juvenile to to adult phase. Food habits of 8 dominant penaeid shrimp was differ depending on the species with the main foods of crustaceans, detritus and molluscs. Trophic interactions suggest that there is a high probability of competition between Penaeus monodon and Penaeus sp., Fenneropenaeus indicus, F. merguiensis and Parapenaeopsis stylifera coromandelica and Metapenaeus brevicornis with M. ensis for utilizing the same food resources.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bawal.9.3.2017.197-206
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