PENILAIAN KONDISI EKOLOGI PERAIRAN UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN BUDIDAYA KERANG HIJAU (Perna viridis L.) DI PESISIR KUALA LANGSA, ACEH
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kondisi ekologi untuk pengembangan budidaya kerang hijau di pesisir Kuala Langsa, Aceh. Data ekologi perairan dikumpulkan di 12 titik sampling pada Agustus, September dan Oktober 2016 untuk mewakili musim hujan, serta Maret, April dan Mei 2017 untuk mewakili musim kemarau. Data dianalisis dengan analisis komponen utama (principal component analysis/PCA). Suhu perairan pesisir Kuala Langsa berkisar 25,5 – 35,6 oC dengan rata-rata 30,5 ± 1,7 oC; salinitas 25,9 – 34,0 ppt dengan rata-rata 29,9 ± 1,3 oC; pH 7,0 – 9,2 dengan rata-rata 8,1 ± 0,3; oksigen terlarut 3,9 – 6,8 mg/l dengan rata-rata 5,5 ± 0,5 mg/l; kecepatan arus berkisar 0,1 – 0,9 m/s dengan rata-rata 0,3 ± 0,1 m/s; serta kelimpahan fitoplankton berkisar 1,32 x 105 sel/m3 hingga 6,86 x 105 sel/m3 dengan rata-rata 3,88 x 105 ± 1,08 x 105 sel/ m3. PCA yang diaplikasikan pada seluruh data menghasilkan dua komponen utama, yaitu PC1 dan PC2 dengan nilai akar ciri (eigenvalue) sebesar 2,096 dan 1,770; dimana PC1 secara kumulatif dapat menjelaskan ragam seluruh data sebesar 34,9% yang dibangun oleh parameter salinitas, suhu dan plankton, sedangkan PC2 sebesar 64,4% yang dibangun oleh parameter oksigen terlarut dan salinitas. Berdasarkan analisis dengan membandingkan parameter ekologi perairan untuk budidaya kerang hijau berdasarkan literatur maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa kondisi ekologi perairan pada musim hujan dan kemarau dapat mendukung pengembangan budidaya kerang hijau di pesisir Kuala Langsa, Aceh.
The research aims to assess the waters ecology condition for the development of green mussel cultivation in the coastal of Kuala Langsa, Aceh. Parameters of waters ecology collected at 12 sampling points in August, September and October 2016 to represent the rainy season, while March, April and May 2017 to represent the dry season. Principal component analysis (PCA) used to assess the waters ecology. The temperature ranged 25.5 – 35.6 oC average by 30.5 ± 1.7 oC; salinity by 25.9 – 34.0 ppt average by 29.9 ± 1.3 oC; pH by 7.0 – 9.2 average by 8.1 ± 0.3; dissolved oxygen from 3.9 – 6.8 average by 5.5 ± 0.5 mg/l; current velocity by 0.1 – 0.9 m/s average by 0.3 ± 0.1 m/s; and abundance of phytoplankton ranged 1.32 x 105 cell/m3 to 6.86 x 105 cell/m3. Two principal component was PC1 and PC2 with a eigenvalue of 2.096 and 1.770 extracted from PCA; where PC1 on cumulatively can explain 34.9% of all data collected, mainly contributed by parameters of salinity, temperature and plankton, while PC2 was 64.4% contributed by parameters dissolved oxygen and salinity. Based on the analysis by comparing waters ecology parameters for green mussel culture based from literate study, it suggests that the waters ecology condition could support the development of green mussel culture in the coastal of Kuala Langsa, Aceh.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bawal.10.1.2018.57-67
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