REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF WILD STRAINS OF Clarias gariepinus BROODSTOCKS FROM NORTH-EAST NIGERIA
Abstract
Fish seed production of Clarias gariepinus has been successfully been carried out in Nigeria. Despite the success, most of the strains used in aquaculture have suffered from inbreeding and its consequences and there still exist a wide gap between fish seed demand and supply, this therefore necessitate the need to increase research. This study focused on intra-specific hybridization among and between wild Clarias gariepinus from four different lakes viz., lake Alau in Borno state, lake Dadin Kowa in Gombe state, lake Maladumba in Bauchi state and lake Mayo Ranewo in Taraba state in the North-East of Nigeria in other to evaluate their reproductive performances. Twenty pairs of live wild gravid broodstocks of C. gariepinus with a mean total length of 47.9±1.08cm and a mean total weight of 951.75±16.55g were randomly collected from each lake. The fish were conditioned, fed and spawned in the Hatchery complex, Department of Fisheries, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria. The broodstocks were mated in pure parental and reciprocal crosses generating sixteen mating combinations (generic crosses) duplicated in complete blocked randomized design. Reproductive performance parameters such as fecundity, fertilization rate, hatching rate, and survival were monitored and the data collected were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at p<0.05 significant level. The result revealed that the mean highest fecundity (66208±120.12g) was recorded for female broodstocks collected from Lake Mayo Ranewo in Taraba state, crosses between Bauchi♀ and Taraba♂ had the highest values of fertilization rate (95.50±9.50%), hatching rate (93.28±2.00%) and survival rate (88.16±2.50%). Results clearly indicated that reproductive performances varied significantly among and between the pure lines and their reciprocal crosses. Water quality parameters including ammonia (mg/L), pH, water temperature (°C) and dissolved oxygen (mg/L) fell within the recommended range for the culture of fresh water fish. For better reproductive performance of wild strains of Clarias gariepinus, in the North-East of Nigeria, crosses should be encouraged between broodstocks from Bauchi and Taraba.
Keywords
References
Abdullahi, M.B., 2012. Local Communities and Sustainable Management in Maladumba Lake and Forest Reserve Nigeria. Asian J. of Biol. Sci. 5,113–19. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2012.113.119
Adebayo, O.T., 2006. Reproductive performance of African Clarrid catfish Clarias gariepinus broodstocks on varying material stress. J. of Fish Int. 1, 17-20.
Akankali, J.A., Seiyaboh, E.I., Abowei, J.F.N., 2011. Fish Hatchery Management in Nigeria. Adv J. of Food Sci. and Tech. 3(2), 144 - 154.
Alikunhi, K.H. Chaudhuri, H., 1959. Preliminary observations on hybridization of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) with Indian carps. Proc. Indian Sci. Congr. p.46
Ataguba, G.A., Okomoda, V.T., Onwuka, M.C., 2013. Relationship between broodstock weight combination and spawning success in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Croa Journal of Fisheries 71(4). p 176-181.
Ataguba, G.A., Solomon, S.G., Onwuka M.C., 2012. Broodstock Size Combination in artificial spawning of cultured Clarias gariepinus. Livestock Res for Rur Developt. 24(12). www.Irrd.org/Irrd24/12atag24223
Ayeni, J.O.S., 2007. Participatory management plan of mala-duma lake and forest reserve. Prepared for Environ-Consult and submitted to the NPSB Abuja Nigeria .p. 94.
Ayokanmi, A.D., Chukat T.M., 1999. Clarias gariepinus (B), Clarias anguillaris (L), Heterobranchus bidorsalis (G), Hreteroclarias, Clariabranchus and Chirlas Hybrids under outdoor nursery management system.
Charo, H., Oirere, W., 2000. River based artificial propagation of the African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus: An option for the small fish farmers. NAGA- The ICLARM Q 2, 14-16.
Chaudhuri, H., 1961. Spawning and hybridization of Indian carps. Proceedings of Pacific Science Congress, Abstract pp 10.
Eyo, V.O., Ekanem, A.P. 2011. Effect of feeding frequency on the growth, food utilization and survival of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) using locally formulated diet. Afr. J. Env. Pollut. Health. 9(2), 11-7.
Eyo, V.O., Ekanem, A.P., Jimmy, U.I.U., 2014. A comparative study of the gonado-somatic index (GSI) and gonad gross morphology of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed Unical aqua feed and Coppens commercial feed. Croat. J. Fish. 72: 63-9.
Haniffa, M.A.K., Sridhar, S., 2002. Induced spawning of spotted murrel (Channa punctatus) and catfish (Heterebranchus fossils) using human chorionic gonadotropin and synthetic hormone (ovaprim). VeterinaryArchive, 72(1), 51-56
Hirpo, L.A., 2013. Reproductive Biology of Oreochromis niloticus in Lake Beseka, Ethiopia. J. of Cell and Ani. Bio. 7(9),116-120
Idowu, R.T., Inyang, N.M., Eyo, J.E., 2004. The Physico-Chemical Parameters of An African Arid Zone Man Made Lake. Ani. Res. Intl. 1, 113–119.
Islam, M.R., Shah, M.S., 2007. Positive heterosis in F1 hybrid of Rohu (Labeo rohita) strains from Jamuna river and a local hatchery from Jessore, Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Zoology, 35(1), 131-139.
Iwalewa, M., Akinwale, M.M., Adewole, E., Okhiria, B., Ebonwu, E.B., Iheanacho, O.C., 2017. Improving Breeding Performance of Fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus through Intraspecific Hybridization. Agronomie Africaine Sp. 29 (2), 109-114.
Macharia, S.K., Ngugi, C.C., Rasowo, J., 2005. Comparative Study of Hatching Rates of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell 1822) Eggs on Different Substrates. NAGA, World Fish Center Quaterly. 28 (3 & 4), 23-26.
Madu, C.T., 2016. Introducing fish farming/ aquaculture and the entrepreneurial opportunities-an overview. Fish Farming: The Value Chain Approach (1st ed.), Palmgrove: Lagos, Nigeria: In Him Resources Ltd. p. 1–2
Madu, C.T., Mohammed, J.I., Ita, E.O., 1993. Further studies on the growth, morphormetrics and meristic characteristics of Clarias anguillaris and Heterobranchus bidorsalis and their hybrids. National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research Annual Report, New Bussa, p. 23–29.
Megbowon, I., Fashina-Bombata, H.A., Akinwale, M.M.A., Hammed, A.M., Mojekwu, T.O. 2014. Growth Performance of wild strains of Clarias gariepinus from Nigerian Waters, J. of Fish. and Aqua Sci. 9(4), 252-256.
Morni, M.M., 2003. Study on Cross breeding Between Asian and African Catfish (Clarias macrocephalus and Clarias gariepinus) and Some Aspects of The Hybrid Larvae Development and Rearing. Kolej University of Science and Technology Malaysia, Master of Science Thesis. p. 137.
Ndimele, P.E., Owodeinde, F.G., 2012. Comparative Reproductive and Growth Performance of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) and Its Hybrid Induced with Synthetic Hormone and Pituitary Gland of Clarias gariepinus. Lagos, Nigeria. Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 12, 619-626. doi: 10.4194/1303-2712-v12_3_09.
Nguenga D, Teugels GG, Ollevier F, 2000. Fertilization, hatching, survival and growth rates in reciprocal crosses of two strains of an African catfish Heterobranchus longifilis Valenciennes 1840 under controlled hatchery conditions. Aquaculture Research 31: 565-573.
Ochokwu, I.J., Apollos, T.G., Oshoke, J.O., 2015. Effect of Egg and Sperm Quality in Successful Fish Breeding, IOSR J. of Agric. and Vet. Sci. (IOSR-JAVS) 8(8), 48-57.
Ofor, C.O., 2007. A comparison of the yield and yield economics of three types of semi- intensive grow out systems, in the production of Heterobranchus longifilis (Teleostei: Clariidae) (Val. 1840), in Southeast Nigeria. Aquaculture 269, 402-413.
Onyia, L.U., Ochokwu, I.J., Diyaware, M.Y., Michael, K.G., 2015. Effects of Azanza garckeana on Egg Quality of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822) Broodstock Intl. J. of Fish. and Aqua. Sci. 4(2), 35-39.
Ovie, S.I., Ovie, S.I., 2014. The effect of replacing fish meal with 10% groundnut cake in the diet of Heterobranchus longifilis on its growth, food conservation and survival. J. of Appl. Sci. and Env. Mgt. 11(3), 87-90.
Pillay, T.V.R., 1990. Aquaculture Principles and Practices. Fishing News Books, London. Statgraphics Ver.2.1 Statistical Graphics Corporation, Maryland, USA
Rahman, M.A., Arshad, A., Marimuthu, K., Ara, R., Amin, S.M.N., 2012. Inter-specific Hybridization and its potential for Aquaculture of Fin Fishes. Selangor, Malaysia. Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 8 (2), 139-153
Salami AA, Fagbenro OA, Syndeham DHJ, 1993. The production and growth of clariid catfish hybrids in concrete tanks. Isr. J. Aquacult. Bamidgeh 45: 18 – 25.
Shah, M.D., Saifuddin, A.K., Ghosh, M.D., Lifat, R., Khandaker, A.H., Bazlur, R., Wasim, S., 2011. Production of Heterotic Hybrid in Rohu (Labeo rohita) Through Strain Crossing. Intl J. of Life Sci., 5(1),1-7.
Shinkafi, B.A., Ipinjolu, J.K., 2012. Gonadosomatic Index, Fecundity and Egg Size of Auchenoglanis occidentalis (Cuvier and Valenciennes) in River Rima, North-Western Nigeria. Nig. J. of Bas.and Appl. Sci. 20(3),217-224.
Tarnchalanukit, W., 1985. Experimental hybridization Between Catfish of the Families Clariidae and Pangasiidae in Thailand. Kasetsart University. Fish. Res. Bull. 16, 8-10.
Teugels G.G. (1986). Morphology Data of Clarias gariepinus; Identification Keys. http://fishbase.sinica.edu.tw/physiology/ Morph Data Summary.
Tilahun, G., Dube, K., Chtruvedi, C.S., Kumar, B., 2016. Assessment of Reproductive Performance, Growth and Survival of Hybrids of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Indian Catfish (Clarias batrachus) Compared to Their Parental Lines Crosses. Turk. J. of Fish. and Aquac. Sci. 16, 123-133.
Timawus, M., 2012. Jonathan Needs More Than Good Luck. Daily Trust. p. 05-23.
Tiogu´e, C.T., Nguenga, D., Tomedi-Tabi, M.E., Tekwombuo, J., Agn`ese, J.F., Ot´em´e, Z.J., Gilles, S., 1995. “Effects of domestication on genetic variability, fertility, survival and growth rate in a tropical siluriform: Heterobranchus longifilis Valenciennes 1840,” Aquaculture, 131(3-4), 197–204.
Tiogu´e, C.T., Ambela, D.A.E., Nana, P., Tomedi–Tabi, M.E., 2018b“Reproductive performances of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus according to the type of hormones and substrates in recycled water in southern Cameroon,” Asian J. of Fish. and Aqua. Res. 2, p. 1–10.
Victor, O.E., Albert, P.E., Vincent, A.A., 2016. Fecundity studies of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fed Coppens feed and Unical aqua feed in circular concrete tanks J. of Coastal Life Medic. 4(7), 531-535.
Victor, O.E., Felix, E., Ochuko, J.E., 2020. Reproductive Performance of Hatchery-Bred, Wild-Caught Broodstock, and their Outbreed of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Indonesian Aquac. J. 15 (2), 59-65.
Viveen, W.J.A.R., Richter, C.J.J., Van Oordt, P.G.W.J., Janssen, J.A.L., Huisman, E.A., 1985. Practical manual for the culture of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The Netherlands Ministry for Development Cooperation, Section for Research and Technology, P.O. Box 20061, 2500 EB The Hague, The Netherlands. p. 128.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/ifrj.30.1.2024.%25p
Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
View My Stats
p-ISSN 0853-8980
e-ISSN 2502-6569
