STATUS PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA BENIH LOBSTER UNTUK MENDUKUNG PERIKANAN BUDIDAYA: STUDI KASUS PERAIRAN PULAU LOMBOK
Abstract
Indonesia merupakan negara pengekspor utama benih lobster ke negara-negara produsen lobster di dunia. Penetapan PERMEN KP No. 1 tahun 2015 berimplikasi pada larangan penangkapan lobster ukuran benih di Indonesia. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis data dan informasi terkait status pengelolaan sumberdaya benih lobster dan dampak dari peraturan tentang penangkapan lobster, serta potensi pengelolaan sumberdaya benih lobster alam tersebut melalui pengembangan budidaya. Pengumpulan data telah dilakukan pada tahun 2015 melalui survai lapang, focus group disscussion/FGD, dan rapid rural appraisal/RRA. Hasil kajian memperlihatkan bahwa kawasan perairan Pulau Lombok memiliki potensi benih lobster yang sangat besar. Adanya regulasi yang melarang penangkapan benih lobster menyebabkan berbagai dampak sosial-ekonomi terhadap kehidupan masyarakat pesisir Pulau Lombok. Besarnya potensi benih lobster membuka peluang untuk pengembangan aktivitas budidaya pembesaran lobster, sehingga masyarakat mendapatkan mata pencaharian alternatif sebagai pengganti aktivitas menangkap benih. Namun hal ini harus didukung dengan peninjauan dan penyesuaian kembali PERMEN KP No. 1 tahun 2015 terkait larangan penangkapan lobster khususnya ukuran benih, sehingga masyarakat diizinkan untuk menangkap benih lobster untuk kebutuhan budidaya.
Indonesia is main exporter of spiny lobster seeds to lobster-producer countries in the world. Establishement of Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulation (PERMEN KP No. 1, 2015) had implications on the capture prohibition of lobster seeds in Indonesia. This study was aimed to analyze data and information which relate to management state of lobster seed resources, the impacts of the lobster capture regulation, and the potencies of lobster seeds resource management through aquaculture development. Acquired data are from field survey, focus group disscussion (FGD), rapid rural appraisal (RRA), and secondary data from related institutions. The result showed that Lombok Island waters area had a great potencies of lobster seeds. Prohibition of seeds capture activities through the regulation has caused various socio-economic impacts on coastal communities in Lombok Island. The magnitude of the lobster seeds potencies gives opportunities for lobster aquaculture development, thus people could get an alternative livelihood other than seeds capturing. However, this has to be supported by reconsideration and readjustment of KEPMEN KP No. 1 2015 related to lobster capture in particular for the seed size, so that the seeds capture activities could be allowed for aquaculture need.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Anh, T.L., & Jones, C. (2014). Preliminary assessment of tank-based grow-out of tropical spiny lobsters (Panulirus ornatus) in Vietnam. Proceedings of the International Lobster Aquaculture Symposium, Lombok, Indonesia, 22–25 April 2014: 87-88.
Bahrawi, S. (2014). Improving Puerelus catch in Indonesia. Presented in International Lobster Symposium, Lombok 22-24 April 2014.
[BKIPM] Badan Karantina dan Pengendalian Mutu KP. 2015. Lalu Lintas Produk Perikanan. http://www.bkipm.kkp.go.id.
Erlania, Radiarta, IN., Sugama, KS., (2014). Dinamika kelimpahan benih lobster (Panulirus spp.) di perairan Teluk Gerupuk, Nusa Tenggara Barat: tantangan pengembangan teknologi budidaya lobster. Jurnal Riset Akuakultur, 9 (3), 475-486.
[DKP-NTB] Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. (2015). Kajian/Analisis Pengelolaan Benih Lobster (Panulirus spp.) di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. DKP-NTB, Mataram: 17 hlm.
[FAO] Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. (2011). Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme. Panulirus homarus. Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme. Text by Clive, J.In: FAO Fisheries andAquaculture Department [online]. Rome. Updated 16 September 2011. http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Panulirus_homarus/en. [Cited 9 May 2016].
Hoc, T.D., & Jones, C. (2014). Census of the lobster seed fishery of Vietnam. Proceedings of the International Lobster Aquaculture Symposium, Lombok, Indonesia, 22–25 April 2014: 20-26.
Huong, L.L., Thi, V.L., Thai, T.H., Jones, C., Sang, H.M., Kien, N.T., Bich, N.T.K., Kim, H.P.T., An, K.N., Trung, D.H., Huu, T.P., & Tan, H.D. (2014). Comparative assessment of manufactured pellet feed and traditional trash fish feed on production of tropical rock lobster (Panulirus ornatus) and environmental effects in sea-cage culture in Vietnam. Proceedings of the International Lobster Aquaculture Symposium, Lombok, Indonesia, 22–25 April 2014: 68-81.
Irvin, S.J., & Williams, K.C. (2008). Comparison of the growth and survival of Panulirus ornatus seed lobsters held in individual or communal cages. In: William, K.C. Spiny Lobster Aquaculture in the Asia–Pacific Region. Proceedings of an International Symposium, Nha Trang, Vietnam, 9–10 December 2008: 89-95.
Jeffs, A. & Davis, M. (2003). An assessment of the aquaculture potential of the Caribbean Spiny Lobster, Panulirus argus. Proceedings of 54th Gulf and Carribean Fisheries Institute: 413-426.
Jones, C. (2010). Tropical spiny lobster aquaculture development in Vietnam, Indonesia and Australia. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. India, 52 (2), 304 – 315.
Matthews, T.R., & Maxwell, K.E. (2007).Growth and Mortality of Captive Caribbean Spiny Lobsters, Panulirus argus, in Florida, USA. Proceedings of 58th Gulf and Carribean Fisheries Institute: 358-366.
Petersen, E.H., Jones, C., Priyambodo, B. (2014). Bioeconomics of Spiny Lobster Farming in Indonesia. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development, 10 (1), 25-39.
Priyambodo, B., & Jaya, I.B.M.S. (2009). Lobster aquaculture in Eastern Indonesia: Part I (p. 36-39). methods evolve for fledgling industry. Global Aquaculture Advocate, July/August.
Priyambodo, B. & Sarifin. (2008). Lobster aquaculture industry in Eastern Indonesia: present status and prospects (p. 36-45). In: William, K.C. Spiny lobster aquaculture in the Asia–Pacific region. Proceedings of an International Symposium, Nha Trang, Vietnam, 9–10 December 2008.
Priyambodo, N., Jones, C., & Sammut, J. (2015). The effect of trap type and water depth on puerulus settlement in the spiny lobster aquaculture industry in Indonesia. Aquaculture, 442, 132-137.
Rudorff, C.A.G., Lorenzzetti, J.A., Gherardi D.F.M., & Lins-Oliveira, J.E. (2009). Modeling spiny lobster larval dispersion in the Tropical Atlantic. Fisheries Research, 96, 206–215.
Suastika, M., Sukadi, F. & Surahman, A. (2008). Studi kelayakan: Meningkatkan pembesaran dan nutrisi lobster di Nusa Tenggara Barat. In: Jones, C (ed.). ACIAR-Smallholder Agribusiness Development Initiative (SADI) Report. 23 hal.
Thangaraja, R., & Radhakrishnan, E.V. (2012). Fishery and ecology of the spiny lobster Panulirus homarus(Linnaeus, 1758) at Khadiyapatanam in the southwest coast of India. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. India, 54 (2): 69-79.
Wahle, R.A. & Fogarty, M.J. (2006). Growth and Development: Understanding and Modelling Growth Variability in Lobsters. In: Phillips, B.F (ed). Lobsters: biology, management, aquaculture, and fisheries. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., UK: 1-44.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jkpi.8.2.2016.85-96
Jurnal Kebijakan Perikanan Indonesia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
View My Stats
p-ISSN 1979-6366
e-ISSN 2502-6550