ANALISIS STATUS PEMANFAATAN SUMBER DAYA IKAN SEBAGAI DASAR PENGELOLAAN PERIKANAN TANGKAP BERKELANJUTAN DI WILAYAH PERAIRAN CIREBON

Pigoselpi Anas, Luky Adrianto, Ismudi Muchsin, Arief Satria

Abstract


Pada dasarnya pengelolaan perikanan tangkap bertujuan untuk mewujudkan usaha perikanan tangkap yang berkelanjutan. Untuk itu, laju penangkapan ikan harus tidak melebihi potensi produksi lestari (Maximum SustainbleYield, MSY) dari sumber daya ikan dalam suatu wilayah perairan. Namun, pengelola perikanan di Indonesia umumnya berpandangan, bahwa menentukan MSY dan hasil tangkapan ikan di laut susah dan mahal. Dengan metode Surplus Production Model, penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui status pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan berdasarkan pada jenis alat tangkap, zona penangkapan ikan, dan jenis ikan secara lebih mudah dan murah di wilayah perairan laut Kabupaten Cirebon. Penelitian dilakukan dari Oktober 2010 sampai Maret 2011. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa status pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan baik di Zona-I, Zona- II maupun Zona-III perairan laut Cirebon pada umumnya telah mengalami gejala tangkap lebih (overfishing). Dari 13 jenis alat tangkap yang digunakan oleh nelayan di daerah penelitian, tujuh diantaranya yakni payang, dogol, pukat arad, jaring insang hanyut, jaring insang lingkar, bagan tancap, dan rawai tetap statusnya sudah melebihi dari jumlah upaya optimum (fopt). Sedangkan, enam jenis alat tangkap lainnya, yaitu pukat tarik, jaring insang tetap, jaring kantong, anco, perangkap kerang, dan perangkap lainnya statusnya masih kurang. Adapun jenis-jenis ikan yang telah mengalami overfishing adalah: teri, teri nasi, bawal hitam, sunglir, gurita, biji nangka, kapas-kapas, slanget, sotong, kurisi, kuniran, peperek, kurau, ikan sebelah, cumi-cumi, manyung, tetengkek, bawal putih, talang, kakap, tongkol, tenggiri, cucut, japuh, tembang, julung-julung, siro, bilis, pari, alu-alu, dan remang.

Management of capture fisheries is basically intended to achieve economic activities of capture fisheries on a sustainable basis. Accordingly, the exploitation rate of fisheries resources should not exceed its MSY (Maximum Sustainable Yield) in a marine area. Unfortunately, majority of fisheries management authorities in Indonesia perceive that determining MSY and total fish catch in marine waters is both difficult and expensive. By employing Surplus Production Model, this research aims at evaluating the state of fisheries resource utilization based upon the types of fishing gears, fishing zones, and types of fish stocks in Cirebon marine waters, which is easier and less expensive than it is currently perceived by those management authorities. The results of this research demonstrate that the state of fisheries resources in Zone-I, Zone-II, and Zone-III of Cirebon marine waters has generally been overfishing. Furthermore, among 13 types of fishing gears used in Cirebon marine waters, seven fishing gears are already exceeding the optimum fishing effort (fopt). These include mini purse seine, danish seine, fish net, gill nets, encirling gill nets, fixed lift net, and long lines. Meanwhile, the other six fishing gears including active purse seine, fixed gill nets, trammel nets, anco, trap for molluscs, and other trap types are still less than their optimum number. Amongst so many fish species caught from Cirebon marine waters, thirty one specieas are already overfishing, which include teri, teri nasi, bawal hitam, sunglir, gurita, biji nangka, kapas-kapas, slanget, sotong, kurisi, kuniran, peperek, kurau, ikan sebelah, cumicumi, manyung, tetengkek, bawal putih, talang, kakap, tongkol, tenggiri, cucut, japuh, tembang, julung-julung, siro, bilis, pari, alu-alu, dan remang.


Keywords


potensi produksi lestari; surplus production model;tangkap lebih; underfishing; laut Cirebon; maximum sustainable yield; surplus production model;overfishing; underfishing; Cirebon marine waters

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jkpi.3.2.2011.145-157


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