KONTRUKSI SOSIAL DALAM MEMBANGUAN BISNIS LOBSTER DI INDONESIA
Abstract
Kontruksi sosial bisnis lobster merupakan fenomena sosial yang berperan menjaga keberlanjutan bisnis lobster. Peran itu telah ditunjukkan melalui berbagai regulasi dan kelembagaan (asosiasi lobster) di Amerika Utara, Australia dan Uni Eropa. Di Indonesia asosiasi atau organisasi yang demikian belum ada. Keberadaan Permen KP No. 56/ 2016, merupakan kontruksi sosial yang penting untuk merintis pengembangan bisnis lobster Indonesia yang berkelanjutan. Tulisan ini mempelajari fenomena kontruksi sosial dari jaringan sosial bisnis lobster pada berbagai kawasan di Indonesia. Bahan tulisan ini, diperoleh dari studi pustaka, hasil survey di Simeulue tahun 2015 – 2016 dan wawancara narasumber yang terkait langsung dengan bisnis lobster pada bulan Juli 2017. Hasil analisis menunjukkan kebijakan terobosan harus dilakukan dalam mengembangkan bisnis lobster di Indonesia dengan membentuk kelembagaan Asosiasi Lobster Indonesia (ALI) atau Konsorsium Lobster Indonesia (KLI). ALI atau KLI berperan tidak hanya untuk berdagang, tetapi membantu pemerintah menjaga stok lobster dan mempromosikan teknik penangkapan/budidaya lobster, serta merancang kebijakan untuk mempengaruhi pasar global.
Social construction of lobster business is a social phenomenon to maintain the sustainability of lobster business. The role has been showed by many regulation and institution (lobster associations) in North America, Australia and European Union. Such associations have not been established in Indonesia. The Ministerial Decree of Fisheries & Marine Affair No. 56/2016 is an important social construction as a pioneer to develop sustainable lobster business only in Indonesia. This paper studied the phenomenon of social construction from lobster business network in many areas in Indonesia. The source of data and information were obtained from literature study, survey in Simeulue from 2015-2016, and interview with sources directly related with lobster business in July 2017. Result analysis showed that an innovation in Indonesian lobster business policy should be made by creating Indonesian Lobster Association (ILA) or Indonesian Lobster Consotium (KLI). The role of ILA or KLI are not only related to lobster trading, but also to assist the government in maintaining lobster stock, promoting techniques of lobster cultivation, and designing policy to affect global market.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jkpi.10.1.2018.43-52
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