PENGELOLAAN DAN PROFITABILITAS USAHA PENANGKAPAN LEMURU (SARDINELLA LEMURU BLEEKER,1853) DI SELAT BALI

Abstract

Penangkapan lemuru (Sardinella lemuru Bleeker,1853) di Selat Bali telah dilakukan jauh sebelum diperkenalkannya purse seine dua kapal (slerek) yang mempunyai hasil tangkapan menggembirakan. Hasil studi sejak tahun 1974 menyimpulkan bahwa stok lemuru di Selat Bali dieksploitasi sangat intensif, sehingga mengancam kelangsungan stok lemuru dan melemahkan keuntungan sumberdaya. Pengelolaan perikanan lemuru di Selat Bali yang telah dilakukan sejak tahun 1977 dan terus diperbaharui sampai tahun 1992 perlu ditinjau kembali, mengingat peraturan dimaksud sudah tidak sesuai dengan kondisi di lapangan dan tidak dipatuhi oleh para pemangku kepentingan. Nelayan mematuhi aturan tentang pembatasan jumlah kapal, namun ukuran kapal, alat tangkap, jumlah ABK dan alat bantu lampu dilakukan penambahan besar-besaran. Peningkatan upaya ini dikhawatirkan akan mengancam keberlanjutan usaha. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kajian untuk menganalisis profitabilitas usaha penangkapan dan masukan konkrit guna pengelolaan perikanan lemuru di Selat Bali. Sintesis hasil penelitian terdahulu di Selat Bali dan diperluas dengan data hasil observasi lapang dengan menggunakan model Max Aquero. Keuntungan total ekonomi usaha penangkapan di Selat Bali pada tahun 2007 mencapai Rp 205.856.283.770,- dengan hasil tangkapan lemuru sebanyak 254.691.315 kg dan tenaga kerja yang terlibat sebanyak 30.583 orang. Hasil tangkapan lemuru yang di publikasi oleh Provinsi Bali dan Jawa Timur adalah data yang tidak akurat. Mengingat informasi dari data tersebut merupakan landasan kebijakan, langkah konkrit perbaikan pengelolaan perikanan lemuru Selat Bali yang mendesak adalah perbaikan metode pendataan dan sumberdaya manusianya.

The catching of lemuru in Bali Strait had been done long before two vessels purse seine (slerek) which gave satisfactory result was introduced. The outcome of numerous studies conducted since 1976 concluded that lemuru stock in Bali Strait had been overexploited, so that it threaten the availability of lemuru stock, and weaken the profitability of resources. Management of lemuru fisheries in Bali Strait which had been administered since 1977 and updated continously until 1992, need to be reevaluated, considering the previously mentioned rules was no longer in accordance with field condition and obeyed by parties concerned. Fishermen obeyed the rule concerning the limitation of ships quantity, but there were huge addition in ship size, catching gears, number of crews and working lamps. There was a serious possibility that by increasing the effort, it still not guaranteed the sustainability of venture. Because of this, there is a need of evaluation concerning profitability analysis of catching effort in Bali Strait and concrete input for improving management of lemuru fishery in Bali Strait. By using synthesis technique of previous experiment result in Bali Strait which was expanded with data based on field observation, using Max Aquero model (Aquero, 1987), the total profit of economical catching effort in Bali Strait in 2007 was at least Rp. 205.856.283.770,- with lemuru fishery catching in Bali Strait was at least 254.691.315 kg. Number of personnel involved was 30.583. Data of catching result published by Bali and East Java Province was not accurate. In considering the data information is a basis of policy making, then there were several steps in urgent need for implementation to improve the management of lemuru fishery in Selat Bali, namely, enhance data collecting method and human resources.