EKTOPARASIT DALAM PERSPEKTIF PERIKANAN BUDIDAYA

Yuke Eliyani

Abstract


Pengembangan sektor perikanan budidaya di Indonesia harus terus dilakukan mengingat hampir 70% produksi ikan berasal dari sektor ini. Dalam pengembangannya, salah satu faktor yang harus diperhatikan adalah masalah kesehatan ikan, terutama yang berhubungan dengan hama dan penyakit termasuk di dalamnya ektoparasit. Meskipun tidak mematikan ikan secara langsung, ektoparasit sangat berbahaya bagi ikan karena menjadi pintu pembuka masuknya patogen yang berbahaya bagi kehidupan ikan, baik dari jenis virus, bakteri, jamur maupun dari jenis endoparasit. Identifikasi jenis dan keberadaan ektoparasit merupakan upaya awal untuk penanggulangan maupun antisipasi agar tidak terjadi wabah ketika gejala awal sudah diketahui. Upaya lain adalah penanggulangan ketika parasit ini telah menginfeksi yang kegiatannya dapat dilakukan melalui penggunakan bahan kimia, fitokimia, fitofarmaka, maupun dengan manipulasi lingkungan dan pakan.

In Indonesia, 70 percent of fish production is contributed by aquaculture activities. It is therefore necessary to prioritize this activity to sustain the share of fish and fisheries activities to Indonesian economy. Keeping the fish always in healthy condition and prevention them from diseases and parasites such as ectoparasite are important factors in aquaculture. Ectoparasite not only indirectly causing fish loss but they are also very dangerous in opening the invasion of fish pathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi, or endoparasites). It is then necessary to identify ectoparasite as soon as early symptoms are detected so that further negative impacts could be avoided. When the parasites have already attacked, a couple of treatment could be implemented: chemical poisons, phytochemicals or other natural agents, and also applying environment and feed manipulations.


Keywords


Ektoparasit; patogen; bakteri; virus; jamur; endoparasit; fitokimia

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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jkpi.8.2.2016.77-84


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