PENILAIAN SOSIAL DALAM MEMBANGUN ENTITAS BISNIS PERIKANAN PADA SKPT SELAT LAMPA, NATUNA

Abstract

Kehadiran nelayan asing pelaku Illegal Unreported and Unregulated fishing (IUU- Fishing) pada Laut Natuna Utara merupakan sinyal, perairan tersebut cukup potensial. Keberhasilan menangkap pelaku IUU Fishingpada perairan itu, seharusnya mendorong pelaku usaha perikanan Natuna memanfaatkan peluang itu. Namun, hal itu belum terwujud, karena struktur sosial dan jaringan sosial entitas bisnis perikanan diluar SKPT Selat Lampa, kapasitasnya belum dipetakan. Pemetaan perlu dilakukan untuk mengukur: kemampuan pemupukan modal, kemampuan akses potensi ikan, membangun industri pengolahan, membangun akses pasar dan jaringan perdagangan ikan, serta perilaku bisnis pelaku usaha perikanan di Natuna. Upaya meningkatkan peran entitas bisnis perikanan di Natuna, dilaksanakan melalui program Sentra Kelautan dan Perikanan Terpadu (SKPT) di Selat Lampa. SKPT yang dimulai sejak tahun 2016. Lokasi ini dipilih karena kontruksi sosialnya masih premature sehingga perlu strategi untuk memfungsikannya. Assessmentosial ini, bertujuan memberi informasi tentang struktur sosial dan  jaringan sosial entitas bisnis perikanan diluar SKPT Selat Lampa, sebagai bahan untuk operasionalisasi SKPT tersebut. Informasi tulisan ini diperoleh melalui Focus Group Discussion(FGD) di Ranai. Informasi FGD itu, diperkaya dengan mewawancara 50 nelayan, 5 pedagang, 5 pengolah dan 3 pengusaha yang melakukan bisnis perikanan di Natuna. Informasi dikumpulkan pada bulan Juli dan Oktober 2017. Hasil analisis merekomendasikan pedagang besar pada jaringan bisnis ikan di Natuna harus diintegrasikan dalam entitas bisnis usaha patungan, sebagai wadah pedagang tersebut berperan di SKPT Selat Lampa.

Social Assessment on The Development of The Fishery Business
Entity in SKPT Selat Lampa, Natuna

The presence of foreign fishermen committing Illegal Unreported and Unregulated fishing (IUU- Fishing) in North Natuna Sea indicates that the sea is highly potential. The arrest of IUU-Fishing actors is supposed to encourage the local businessmen to take the opportunities. However, the role has not been established yet due to lack of capacity mapping of social structure and social networking for the fishing business outside SKPT Lampa Strait. The mapping was required to measure the ability of capital accumulation, access to fish resources, development of processing industry, development of market access and fish trading network, and behaviour of fish businessmen in Natuna. The Integrated Centre of Marine and Fisheries (SKPT) in Lampa Strait, which has been initiated since 2016, is developed to empower the role of fish business in Natuna. This location was chosen due to the prematurity social construction, therefore, a particular strategy is necessary to function it. This social assessment aimed to inform social structure and social networking of fish business outside SKPT Lampa Strait as a subject to operate the SKPT. The information of this article were collected through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) in Ranai, as well as interview with 50 fishermen, 5 traders, and 3 businessmen doing fish business in Natuna. The information was collected on July and October 2017. The result of the analysis recommended that fish wholesaler in Natuna network business should be integrated in joint venture to encourage their engagement in business activities at SKPT Lampa strait.