SEBARAN SPASIAL DAN TEMPORAL IKAN SEBELUM DAN SETELAH MORATORIUM DI LAUT ARAFURA BERDASARKAN STUDI SURVEI AKUSTIK
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pola sebaran spasial-temporal sumberdaya ikan sebelum dan sesudah moratorium perikanan pukat hela di perairan Laut Arafura. Pengamatan dilakukan berdasarkan pendekatan hidroakustik. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada November 2006 (sebelum moratorium dengan wahana riset KR. Bawal Putih I), Oktober 2016 (KR. Baruna Jaya IV) dan November 2018 (setelah moratorium KR Bawal Putih III). Akuisisi data akustik menggunakan echosounder split beam Simrad EK60 dengan frekuensi 120 kHz dan 38 kHz. Analisis deskriptif diterapkan untuk menjelaskan distribusi densitas ikan secara spatio-temporal, hasil analisis data disajikan dalam bentuk grafik dan peta distribusi pada perairan yang diamati. Sebaran temporal ikan pelagis sebelum dan setelah moratorium menunjukkan bahwa kelompok ikan ini cenderung berada di lapisan permukaan pada malam hari (41-75%) dan cenderung turun ke lapisan yang lebih dalam pada siang hari (25-59%). Sedangkan untuk ikan demersal lebih banyak terdapat di dekat dasar perairan pada malam hari (45-81%) daripada siang hari (19-55%). Distribusi dan kelimpahan ikan setelah moratoium lebih banyak ditemukan daripada sebelum moratorium dengan tingkat signifikansi malam (Sig=0.980) , sedangkan siang hari (Sig= 0.986). Distribusi spasial menunjukkan bahwa ikan pelagis maupun demersal tidak tersebar merata pada perairan yang diamati, tapi masing-masing kelompok ikan ditemukan / terdeteksi berada pada lokasi tertentu.
This study compared the spatial-temporal distribution pattern of fish resources within a period of pre and post moratorium trawl banned in the Arafura Sea. The observation was carried out based on the hydroacoustic approach. The research was conducted in November 2006 (before moratorium), October 2016, and November 2018 (after suspension), with research vessel RV. Bawal Putih I, RV.Baruna Jaya IV and RV. Bawal Putih III. Acquisition of acoustic population using a Simrad EK60 split-beam echosounder with a frequency of 120 kHz and 38 kHz. Descriptive analysis was applied to explain fish density's spatial and temporal distribution. The results were performed on graphs and distribution maps in the observed area. The temporal distribution of pelagic fish pre and post-moratory shows that this group of fish tends to be in the surface layer at night (41-75%) and tends to descend to a deeper layer during daytime (25-59%). Mean while demersal fish are more abundant near the bottom during night (45-81%) than at day (45-81%). The distribution and abundance of fish after moratorium more than before suspension with a significance level of the night (Sig=0.980), while during daytime (Sig= 0.986). The spatial distribution shows that both pelagic and demersal fish are not evenly distributed in observed waters, but each group of fish detected is in a particular location.
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