EFEKTIVITAS DAN KERAMAHAN LINGKUNGAN SET NET TIPE JEPANG DI PERAIRAN TELUK BONE

Abstract

Masalah yang dihadapi nelayan tradisional di pantai Sulawesi Selatan adalah meningkatnya harga bahan bakar minyak, biaya operasional yang mahal, terbatasnya kemampuan manajemen, aspek kebijakan perikanan, dan kondisi cuaca yang sulit diprediksi. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, transfer teknologi perikanan set net telah dilakukan di Teluk Bone, Sulawesi Selatan dalam periode 2007 sampai dengan 2010. Penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mengkaji seleksi lokasi, persiapan pemasangan, proses penangkapan, dan evaluasi hasil tangkapan set net. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konstruksi set net yang dioperasikan tergolong Otoshi-Ami skala kecil yang dapat diterapkan ke masyarakat nelayan. Rata-rata hasil tangkapan harian berkisar antara 60-75 kg/ hari dengan hasil tangkapan tertinggi pada bulan Juli 2009 mencapai 540 kg/hari. Hasil tangkapan didominasi oleh ikan selar kuning (Selaroides leptolepis), peperek (Gazza spp.), tembang (Sardinella fimbriata), biji nangka (Upeneus sulphureus), cendro (Tylosurus spp.), dan alu-alu (Sphyraena spp.). Alat tangkap set net termasuk alat tangkap yang ramah lingkungan namun efektivitasnya masih rendah. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi dalam pengembangan set net sebagai strategi pengembangan manajemen perikanan pantai di Indonesia.

Local traditional fishermen at coast of South Sulawesi face some problems due to increase of fuel price and other operation cost, limited management capability, fisheries policy and development, and recently unpredictable weather. In order to reduce those problems, transfer of ecofriendly fishing technology of set net has been conducted at Bone Bay, South Sulawesi in the period of 2007 to 2010. A study including activities of site selection, preparation, capture process, and evaluation of the catch of set net was done. Results of the study showed that the set net operated was classified into a small scale Otoshi-Ami which can be implemented to the fishermen community. An average of daily catch ranged 60-75 kg/day with highest catch of 540 kg/day in July 2009. The fish catch composition dominated by trevallies (Selaroides leptolepis), slipmouth (Gazza spp.), sardine (Sardinella fimbriata), goat fish (Upeneus sulphureus), gar fish (Tylosurus spp.) and baracuda (Sphyraena spp.). The set net is an ecofriendly fishing gear even thought its effectiveness is still low. The result is expected could be useful as reference for those who are interested on set net development strategy in coastal fisheries and fisheries management of Indonesia.