DINAMIKA POPULASI DAN TINGKAT PEMANFAATAN UDANG WINDU (Penaeus semisulcatus de Haan, 1844) DI PERAIRAN BALIKPAPAN
Abstract
Udang windu (Penaeus semisulcatus de Haan, 1844) di perairan Kalimantan Timur saat ini diduga berada dalam tahapan lebih tangkap, sehingga kajian dinamika populasi udang windu di perairan Balikpapan merupakan informasi yang penting untuk dilakukan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dinamika populasi dan tingkat pemanfaatan udang windu sebagai dasar dalam pengelolaan perikanan udang di Balikpapan.Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Februari – November 2016.Metode yang digunakan adalah random sampling dengan analisis menggunakan model analitik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ukuran panjang karapas asimptotik (CL∞) udang jantan sebesar 47,5 mmCL dengan laju pertumbuhan (K) 1,72 per tahun dan panjang karapas asimptotik (CL∞) udang betina 53,7 mmCL dengan laju pertumbuhan (K) 1,53 per tahun. Ukuran rata-rata pertama kali tertangkap udang (Lc) sebesar 31,5 mmCL lebih kecil dibandingkan ukuran rata-rata pertama kali matang gonad (Lm) sebesar 39,63 mmCL, menunjukkan sebagian besar udang tertangkap sebelum memijah. Tingkat pemanfaatan udang windu berada pada tahap lebih tangkap (overfishing) dengan nilai laju pengusahaan (E) sebesar 0,65 pada jantan dan 0,77 pada betina, sehingga disarankan untuk melakukan pengurangan upaya penangkapan sebesar 42% dan pengaturan jaring dengan ukuran tertangkap lebih besar dari 39 mmCL.
The green tiger prawn (Penaeus semisulcatus de Haan, 1844) in Kalimantan Timur were estimated in stages of overfishing, so dynamic population of green tiger prawn was important information needed to do. Aim of this research were to study about dynamic population and exploitation rate of green tiger prawn as basis management for shrimp fisheries in Balikpapan. This research conducted on February – November 2016. The method used was random sampling and the analysis used was analytical model. The results showed that carapace asymptotic length (CL∞) of male green tiger prawn was 47,5 mmCL and the growth rate was 1,72 year-1. Carapace asymptotic length (CL∞) of female prawn was 53,7 mmCL and the growth rate was 1,53 year-1. Length at first captured was 31,5 mmCL, smaller than length at first matured that was 39,63 mmCL so most of shrimps captured hadn’t spawned yet. Exploitation rate of the green tiger prawn was on stage of overfishing with the value of exploitation rate was 0,65 for male and 0,77 for female, so it was suggested to reduce fishing effort by 42% and mesh size regulation with the size allowable catch was bigger than 39 mmCL.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdul-Wahab, M. M. (2014). Population dynamics of the shrimp Penaeus semisulcatus in the Yemeni Red Sea waters. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences. 13(3), 585-596.
FAO. (1998). The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific Vol. 2: Cephalopods, Crustaceans, Holothurians and Sharks. Rome: FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. 1.396 p.
Gayanilo, F. C. J., Sparre, P., & Pauly, D. (2005). FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools II (FISAT II). Revised version. User’s guide. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries) No. 8. Revised Version. Rome: FAO.
Gulland, J.A. (1983). Fish Stock Assessment. A Manual of Basic Methods (p. 233). Chicester: John Wiley and Sons.
Hargiyatno, I.T., & Sumiono, B. (2012). Kepadatan stok dan biomassa sumberdaya udang windu (Penaeus semisulcatus) dan Dogol (Metapenaeus endeavouri) di Sub Area Aru, Laut Arafura. J.Lit.Perik.Ind. 18(1), 17-25.
Hedianto, D.A., Suryandari, A., & Tjahjo, D.W.H. (2016). Dinamika populasi dan status pemanfaatan udang windu Penaeus monodon (Fabricus, 1789) di perairan Aceh Timur, Provinsi Aceh. J.Lit.Perik.Ind. 22(2), 71-82.
Jonsdottir, I.G., Bjornsson, H., & Skuladottir, U. (2012). Predation by Atlantic cod Gadus morhua on northern shrimp Pandalus borealis in inshore and offshore areas of Iceland. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 469, 223-232.
Kembaren, D.D., & Nurdin, E. (2013). Dinamika populasi dan tingkat pemanfaatan udang windu (Penaeus monodon) di perairan Tarakan, Kalimantan Timur. J.Lit.Perik.Ind. 19(4), 221-226.
King, M. (1995). Fishery Biology, Assessment and Management (p 341). United Kingdom: Fishing New Books.
Kumlu, M., Eroldogan, O. T., & Aktas, M. (2000). Effects of temperature and salinity on larval growth, survival and development of Penaeus semisulcatus. Aquaculture. 188, 167-173.
Mahiswara, & Barus, H.R. (1993). Beberapa jenis alat tangkap dan hasil tangkapan dalam usaha perikanan udang skala kecil di Kalimantan Timur. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Laut. 76, 85-98.
Mehanna, S.F., Khvorov, S., Al-Kharusi, L., & Al-Mamry, J. (2012). Fisheries and population dynamics of the green tiger shrimp, Penaeus semisulcatus from the Arabian Sea, Oman. International Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering. 3, 33-41.
Munga, C.N., Kimani, E., & Vanreuse, A. (2013). Ecological and socio economic assessment of Kenyan coastal fisheries: the case of Malindi-Ungwana Bay artisanal fisheries versus semi-industrial bottom trawling. Africa Focus. 26(2), 151-164.
Naamin, N., & Uktoselya, J. C. B. (1976). Status perikanan udang di perairan Kalimantan Selatan dan Timur. Marine Fisheries Research Report, Marine Fisheries Research Institute. 2, 1-82.
Niamaimandi, N., Arshad, A.B., Daud, S.K., Saed, R.C., & Kiabi, B. (2007). Population dynamic of green tiger prawn, Penaeus semisulcatus (De Haan) in Bushehr coastal waters, Persian Gulf. Fisheries Research. 86, 105-112.
Pauly, D. (1983). Some Simple Methods for the Assessment of Tropical Fish Stocks. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, 254, 52.
Pauly, D., Ingles, J., & Neal, R., (1984). Application to Shrimp Stocks of Objective Methods for The Estimation of Growth, Mortality and Recruitment-related Parameters from Legth-Frequency Date (ELEFAN I and II). Penaeid shrimps-Their biology and management. Fishing News Books Ltd. 308 pp.
Sharawy, Z. Z., Abbas, E. M., Desouky, M.G., & Kato, M. (2016). Descriptive analysis and molecular identification of the green tiger shrimp Penaeus semisulcatus (De Haan, 1844) in Suez Gulf, Red Sea. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies. 4(5), 426-432.
Sparre, P., & Venema, S.C. (1992). Introduction to Tropical Fish Stock Assessment (p.376). Rome: FAO Fisheries Technical Paper.
Suman, A., & Bintoro, G. (2009). Some population parameters of Endeavour Shrimp (Metapenaeus ensis de Haan) in Balikpapan Surrounding Waters, East Kalimantan. Ind.Fish Res.J. 15(2), 75-79.
Suman, A., Rijal, M., & Manadiyanto. (1993). Jenis, hubungan panjang-berat, ukuran matang dan potensi perikanan udang di Perairan Kutai, Kalimantan Timur. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Laut, 81, 76-83.
Suprapto, Sumiono, B., Suman, A., Wedjatmiko, Ernawati, T., Kembaren, DD.,…….Suwardi. (2011). Penelitian stok dan pengusahaan sumberdaya udang Penaeid dan krustase lainnya di WPP Selat Makassar, Laut Flores dan Teluk Bone. Laporan Tahunan Balai Penelitian Perikanan Laut. 85 pp.
Wang, Y. G., & Die, D. (1996). Stock-Recruitment Relationships of the Tiger Prawn (Penaeus esculentus and Penaeus semisulcatus) in the Australian Northern Prawn Fishery. Mar. Freshwater Res. 47, 87-95.
Wedjatmiko. (2012). Strategi pengelolaan sumberdaya udang di perairan Selat Makassar. J.Kebijak.Perik.Ind. 4 (1), 17-25.
Ye, Y., & Mohammed, H. M. A. (1999). An analysis of variation in catchability of green tiger prawn, Penaeus semisulcatus, in waters off Kuwait. Fishery Bulletin. 97(3), 702-712.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.23.1.2017.37-46
Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.