PARAMETER POPULASI, ASPEK BIOLOGI DAN PENANGKAPAN TONGKOL KOMO (Euthynnus affinis Cantor, 1849) DI SELAT MALAKA

Karsono Wagiyo, Andina Ramadhani Pane, Umi Chodrijah

Abstract


Tongkol komo (Euthynnus affinis) merupakan komoditas perikanan ekonomis penting. Di Selat Malaka sumber daya tongkol komo merupakan stok bersama antara Indonesia dan Malaysia yang telah dimanfaatkan secara intensif dengan berbagai alat tangkap. Dalam rangka pengelolaan sumber daya  ikan tongkol komo di Selat Malaka supaya tetap lestari, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan memperoleh informasi mengenai parameter populasi, aspek biologi dan aspek penangkapan. Penelitian dilakukan secara observasi, enumerasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai berbagai parameter populasi; panjang maksimum tercapai (L) = 64,25 cmFL, laju pertumbuhan (K) = 0,96/tahun, laju kematian alami (M) = 1,38 /tahun, laju kematian karena penangkapan (F) = 1,41/tahun, panjang pertama tertangkap (Lc) = 34,5 cmFL dan panjang pertama matang gonad (Lm) = 41,02 cmFL dan laju pengusahaan (E) = 0,50. Dari aspek biologi diperoleh; nisbah kelamin betina : jantan =1 : 1,15, puncak gonad matang dan indek kematangan gonad terjadi pada Maret dan November, mangsa dominan ikan teri (Stolephorus sp.). Alat tangkap utama untuk penangkapan tongkol komo berupa pukat langgai (purse seine). Nilai CPUE tertinggi diperoleh pada Juli dengan musim penangkapan terjadi pada periode April-Juli. Kontribusi tangkapan ikan tongkol komo sebesar 17,42-27,20 % dari total tangkapan ikan. Jenis ikan tangkapan utama yang berinteraksi dengan tongkol komo adalah kembung (Rastrelliger sp.) dan layang (Decapterus sp). Parameter yang bersifat negatif  terhadap kelestarian populasi ikan tongkol komo, seperti ukuran ikan dan hasil tangkapan per unit usaha nilainya kecil. Parameter yang bersifat positif antara lain; rasio antara nilai kematian alami dengan nilai laju pertumbuhan masih dalam kisaran normal dan nilai tingkat pengusahaan masih dalam kisaran optimum. Penangkapan ikan tongkol komo di Selat Malaka masih dalam keadaan normal, tetapi perlu pengawasan terhadap mata jaring dan alat tangkap yang digunakan serta aktifitas penangkapan pada musim pemijahan. Adanya interaksi dengan jenis ikan pelagis kecil dan dominasi ikan teri dalam isi lambung, sehingga dalam pengelolaan ikan tongkol komo harus dilakukan bersama dengan kedua komoditi. 

Mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis) is an important economic fishery commodity. In the Malacca Strait, mackerel tuna  resource is a share stock between Indonesia and Malaysia that has been used intensively with various fishing gear. In order to manage the fish resources of  mackerel tuna  in the Malacca Strait to be sustainable, this research is conducted with the aim of obtaining information on parameteer population, biology aspects and fishing aspects. The research was conducted by observation, enumeration and interview. The results showed the values   of various population parameters: length infinity (L”) = 64.25 cmFL, growth rate (K) = 0.96/year, natural mortality rate (M) = 1.38 /year, capture mortality rate (F) = 1.41 /year, length of first captured (Lc) = 34.5 cmFL and length of first maturity (Lm) = 41.02 cmFL and exploitation rate (E) = 0,50. Biological aspect was obtained; sex ratio female : male = 1: 1.15, peak of mature gonad  and index gonad maturity occurred in March and November, main prey are anchovy (Stolephorus sp.). The main fishing gear for catching mackerel tuna is purse seine. The highest CPUE value was obtained in July with the fishing season occurring in the April-July period. The contribution of catch mackerel tuna are 17.42-27.20 % of the total catch of fish. The main species of fish that interact with mackerel tuna  are mackerel (Rastrelliger sp.) and sardine  (Decapterus sp). Negative parameters to sustainability of mackerel tuna population such as fish size and catch per unit effort are small. Positive parameters are the ratio between the value of natural mortality and the rate of growth is still within the normal range and the level of exploitations rate is still within the optimum range. The fishing of mackerel tuna in the Malacca Strait is still in normal condition, but it is necessary to monitor of the nets mesh size and fishing gear used and fishing activity on spawning season. The existence of interaction with small pelagic fish species and the dominance of anchovy in the contents of the stomach, so that in the management of mackerel tuna fish should be done together with the two commodities.

Keywords


Tongkol komo; parameter populasi; aspek biologi; penangkapan; Selat Malaka

Full Text:

PDF

References


Ahmed, Q., Yousuf, F., Sarfraz, M., Alia, Q. M., Balkhourd, M., Safie, S. Z., & Ashraff, M. A. (2015). Euthynnus affinis (little tuna): fishery, bionomics, seasonal elemental variations, health risk assessment and conservational management. Frontiers in Life Science. 8(1), 71–96.

Al-Kiyumi, F. R., Al-kharusi, L., Nishida, T., & Al-Siyabi, B. (2013). Standardization of kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis) catch rates of drift gillnet fisheries in Sultanate of Oman. IOTC–2013–WPNT03–31 Rev_2.

Al-Zibdah, M., & Odat, N. (2007). Fishery status, growth, reproduction biology & feeding habit of two scombrid fish from the gulf of aqaba, Red Sea. Lebanese Science Journal, 8(2), 3-20.

Amitkumar, M. H. (2015). Some aspect of the biology of little tuna (Euthynnus affinis) landed at Veraval Coast, Gujarat. International Journal of Zoology and Reseacrh. 5(6), 17-24.

Ardelia, V., Vitner, Y., & Boer, M. (2016). Biologi reproduksi ikan tongkol Euthynnus affinis di perairan Selat Sunda. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Tropis. 8(2), 689-700.

Basir, S., Sallehudin, J., Faizal, E. M., & Mokthar, N. A. (2016). Malaysia national report to the scientific committee of the indian ocean tuna commission. IOTC–2016–SC19–NR16.

Carpenter, K. E, & Niem, V. H. (2001). The living marine reources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae) Estuarine Crocodiles, Sea turtles, Sea snakes and Marine mammals. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome: 3511-4232

Chiang, W. C., Hsu, H. H., Fu, S.C., Chen, S. C., Sun, C. L., Chen, W. Y., Liu, D. C., & Su, W. C. (2011). Reproductive biology of longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) from coastal waters of Taiwan. IOTC—WPNT:1-30.

Chiou, W. D., Lei-Zong Cheng, L. Z., & Chen, K. W. (2004). Reproduction and Food Habits of Kawakawa Euthynnus affinis in Taiwan . J. Fish. Soc. Taiwan 31(1), 23-38.

Chiou, W. D., & Lee, L. K. (2004). Migration of kawakawa Euthynnus affinis in the waters near Taiwan. Fisheries Science, 70, 746–757

Chodrijah, U., Hidayat, T., Noegroho, T. (2013). Estimasi parameter populasi ikan tongkol komo (Euthynnus affinis) di Perairan Laut Jawa. Bawal. 5(3). 167 – 174

Dhammasak, P. (1998). Review of tuna fishing in Thailand. 1998. IOTC Proceedings No. 1. 7th Expert Consultation on Indian Ocean Tunas, Victoria, Seychelles, 9-14 November, 1998.

Ganga, U. (2010). Investigations on the biology of Indian Mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier) along the Central Kerala coast with special reference to maturation, feeding and lipid dynamics. Thesis. Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Marine Sciences. Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemestry School of Marine Sciences Cochin University of Science and Technology Kochi-682016, India.

Jagerroos, S. (2016). Assessment of Living Resources in the Straits of Malacca, Malaysia: Case Study. J Aquac Mar Biol, 4 (1): 00070. DOI: 10.15406/ jamb.2016.04.00070 (diunduh 8 Okto 2017). http://medcraveonline.com/JAMB/JAMB-04-00070.pdf

Jamal, M., Sondita, M.F.A., Haluan, J., & Wiryawan, B. (2011). Pemanfaatan data biologi ikan cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis) dalam rangka pengelolaan perikanan bertanggung jawab di perairan Teluk Bone. Jurnal Natur Indonesia, 14(1), 107-113.

Jatmiko, I., Sulistyaningsih, R, K., Nugroho, D. (2014). Laju pertumbuhan, laju kematian dan ekploitasi ikan tongkol komo, Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849), di perairan Samudera Hindia Barat Sumatera. Bawal. 6(2), 69-76.

Johnson, M. G., & Tamatamah, A. R. (2013). Length frequency distribution, mortality rate and reproductive biology of kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis- Cantor, 1849) in the Coastal Waters of Tanzania. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 16(21), 1270-1278.

KKP. (2015). Kelautan dan Perikanan dalam angka tahun 2015. Pusat Data, Statistik dan Informasi. 308 hal

Matsumoto, T., & Miyabe, N. (2002). Preliminary report on the maturity and spawning of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Central Atlantic Ocean. Col. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT, 54(1), 246-260.

Masuswo, R. & Widodo, A.A. (2016). Karakteristik Biologi ikan tongkol komo (Euthhynnus affinis) yang tertangkap jaring insang hanyut di Laut Jawa. Bawal Vol.8 (1): 57-63

Motlagh, T.S., Hashemi, S. A., & Kochanian P. (2010). Population biology and assessment of Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis) in Coastal Waters of the Persian Gulf and Sea of Oman (Hormozgan Province). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences. 9(2), 315-326

Mubarak, Nurhuda, A., & Ghalib, M. (2016). Analisis suhu permukaan laut Selat Malaka. Prosiding Seminar Nasional “Pelestarian Lingkungan & Mitigasi Bencana” Pekanbaru, 28 Mei 2016.

Nissar, K. K. S., Rashid, F., Phadke, G. G., & Desai, A. Y. (2015). Reproductive biology of little tuna (Euthynnus affinis) in the Arabian sea. Eco. Env. & Cons. 21 (4), 115-118.

Noegroho, T., Hidayat, T., & Amri, K. (2013). Some biological aspects of frigate tuna (Auxis thazard), Bullet Tuna (Auxis rochei), and Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis) in West Coasts Sumatera IFMA 572, Eastern Indian Ocean. IOTC–2013–WPNT03–19.

Noranarttragoon, P., Sinanan, P., Boonjohn, N., Khemakorn, P., & Yakupitiyage, A. (2013). The FAD fishery in the Gulf of Thailand: time for management measures. Aquat. Living Resour. 26, 85–96.

Pauly, D. (1980). A selection of a simple methods for the assessment of the tropical fish stocks. FAO Fish. Circ. FIRM/C729. Roma. p.54.

Rohit, P., Chellappan, A., Abdussamad, E. M., Joshi, K. K., Saidkoya, K. P., Sivadas, M. , Ghosh, S., Rathinam, A. M. M., Kemparaju, S., Dhokia, H. K., Prakasan, D., & Beni, N. (2012). Fishery and bionomics of the little tuna, Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849) exploited from Indian waters. Indian J. Fish., 59(3), 33-42.

Sa-nga-ngam, C., Nootmorn, P., Jaiyen, T., Boonsuk, S., & Loychuen, K. (2013). Catch and Size Distribution of Neritic Tunas from Purse seine in Andaman sea Coast of Thailand. IOTC–2013–WPNT03–15.

Sulistyaningsih, R. K., Jatmiko, I., & Wujdi, A. (2014). Length frequency distribution and population parameters of kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis-Cantor, 1849) caught by purse seine in the Indian Ocean (a Case Study in Northwest Sumatera IFMA 572). IOTC–2014–WPNT04–20.

Udupa, K. S. (1986). Statistical method of estimating the size at first maturity in fishes. Fishbyte, 4 (2), 8-10. ICLARM. Metro Manila.

Williams, F. (1963). Synopsis of biological data on little tuna euthynnus affinis (cantor) 1850 (Indian Oceans). Fisheries Division Branch Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.

Zudaire, I., Murua, H., Grande, M., Korta, M., Arrizabalaga, H., Areso, J., & Molina, A. D. (2010). Reproductive biology of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in the Western and Central Indian Ocean. IOTC-WPTT:48.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.23.4.2017.287-297


Creative Commons License
Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

View My Stats
p-ISSN 0853-5884
e-ISSN 2502-6542

Find in a library with WorldCatCrossref logoSHERPA/RoMEO Logogoogle scholardoaj