SEBARAN, POTENSI INTRODUKSI, DAN PENGENDALIAN IKAN BERBAHAYA/INVASIF DAN BERPOTENSI INVASIF DI YOGYAKARTA DAN SEKITARNYA

Himawan Achmad, Laili Martini, Sutopo Aris Wibowo, Lantip Nugroho

Abstract


Pengendalian penyebaran ikan berbahaya, invasif dan berpotensi invasif di Indonesia terutama bertumpu pada pelarangan lalu lintas ikan pada pintu pemasukan dan pengeluaran, belum terhadap peningkatan kesadaran dan peran serta masyarakat. Di lain pihak, regulasi yang mengatur lalu lintas ikan tersebut minim dan upaya penegakan hukum terhadap perdagangan dan budidayanya belum maksimal. Akibatnya 78 jenis ikan berbahaya dari total 152 yang dilarang masuk ke Indonesia tersebar di pusat perdagangan ikan hias dan perairan umum. Sehingga edukasi kepada publik perlu ditingkatkan sejalan dengan perbaikan regulasi melalui pemetaan sebarannya sebagaimana dilakukan dalam studi ini. Survei dilakukan di Yogyakarta dan sekitarnya untuk menginventarisir penyebaran spesies target di lokasi perdagangan ikan hias dan mendapatkan gambaran persepsi responden terhadap pelepasliaran. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa peran manusia signifikan dalam introduksi ikan asing pada habitat baru, tercermin dari propagule pressure, yang dianalisa dengan statistika bayesian, pada 8 dari total 29 spesies target mencapai lebih dari 100 individu. Ditemukan Atractosteus spatula, Pygocentrus nattereri, dan Arapaima gigas yang berbahaya bagi manusia, diperdagangkan dengan persentase sebaran masing-masing 41 %, 30 %, dan 13 %. Analisa varian dua arah menunjukkan responden yang berlokasi mandiri menyediakan lebih banyak jenis ikan target (p<0,05). Survei untuk menggali pengetahuan, kesadaran, dan tanggungjawab responden menunjukkan bahwa dari 8 pertanyaan yang diajukan hanya 25 % yang mendapat respon positif bagi pencegahan penyebaran spesies target. Dalam jangka panjang, strategi pengendalian penyebaran spesies target harus melibatkan lebih banyak peran masyarakat. Larangan lalu lintas antar area tidak bebas harus dilakukan.

Control strategy on harmful, invasive and potentially invasive fishes in Indonesia, mainly relies upon restriction of translocation at border rather than community education and empowerment. However, domestic translocation is lack to regulate and law enforcements on culture and trade of the species are lax leading to presence of around 78 of all 152 prohibited fishes in ornamental fish markets and wild waters. Therefore public awareness should be encouraged while regulations are updated such as that of the mapping conducted in this study. The survey was carried out in Yogyakarta and surrounding areas to know spread of the species among ornamental fish stores and traders, and identifiy respondent’s tendency of species release. It revealed that human played significant roles in introducing alien fishes in new habitat, reflected from the propagule pressure analysed by bayesian statistics,  that hit more than 100 individuals in each of eight of total 29 species possessing invasiveness. Three species mapped, Atractosteus spatula, Pygocentrus nattereri, and Arapaima gigas, are known harmful for human and traded among 46 respondents with alarming frequencies at 41 %, 30 % and 13 % respectively. Two ways anova fully factorial revealed that independent stores sold more targeted species (p<0.05). Only 25 % of total eight questions to test knowledge, awareness, and responsibility of respondents were returned with positive perception. Long term control strategy should be underpinned by more public participation. Translocation of inter non-free areas should also be restricted. 


Keywords


Berbahaya; invasif; ikan; propagule pressure; pelepasliaran

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.1.1.2018.61-72


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