PARAMETER PERTUMBUHAN HIU MACAN (Galeocerdo cuvier Peron & Lesuer, 1822) DI PERAIRAN SELATAN NUSA TENGGARA BARAT
Abstract
Hiu macan (Galeocerdo cuvier Peron & Lesuer, 1822) merupakan predator puncak yang ditandai dengan sebaran yang luas dan ukurannya lebih besar. Spesies hiu ini masuk dalam famili Carcharhinidae yang banyak tertangkap di perairan Samudera Hindia. Status konservasi jenis ini masuk dalam Daftar merah IUCN dan hampir terancam (NT) serta informasi tentang biologi khususnya parameter pertumbuhan spesies ini masih sangat terbatas.Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi parameter pertumbuhan hiu macan di perairan Samudera Hindia bagian Selatan Nusa Tenggara Barat. Penelitian dilakukan di tempat pendaratan ikan Tanjung Luar, Lombok Timur pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember 2016. Pengamatan meliputi panjang total tubuh dan jenis kelamin yang dilakukan dengan pengukuran dan pengamatan langsung secara visual di lapangan. Hasil penelitian terhadap 808 ekor ikan contoh menunjukkan bahwa kisaran panjang total untuk hiu macan (Galeocerdo cuvier) terdistribusi pada ukuran antara 116 - 400 cmTL dengan panjang rata-rata 242,8 cm TL serta modus pada ukuran 240 cmTL. Perbandingan kelamin ikan hiu macan jantan dan betina dalam keadaan tidak seimbang, dengan jumlah jantan lebih besar. Estimasi panjang asimtotik (L∞) sebesar 420 cmTL dengan laju pertumbuhan (K) 0,260/tahun, laju kematian total (Z) 1,10/tahun, laju kematian alamiah (M) 0,35/tahun serta laju kematian akibat penangkapan (F) 0,75/tahun. Estimasi laju eksploitasi sudah mengarah kepada penangkapan yang berlebih (E = 0,68) oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan tindakan pengelolaan agar pemanfaatannya tetap lestari.
Tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier Peron & Lesuer, 1822) were widely held in the depths of the Indian Ocean. Its conservation status was on the IUCN Red List and was near threatened (NT). The purpose of this study was to obtain the parameters of growth in the South off West Nusa Tenggara waters. The study was conducted at Tanjung Luar landing site, East Lombok in January until December 2016. The observation included total length and sex with visual measurement and observation in the field. The results of the study showed the number of 808 individues that the total length range for tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) caught in Indian Ocean waters landed on Tanjung Luar was distributed on a size between 116-400 cmTL with an average length of 242.8 cmTL and a mode at 240 cmTL. The sex ratio of male and female tiger sharks was in an unbalanced state, with larger females. Estimation of asymptotic length (L∞) of 420 cmTL with growth rate (K) 0.260 / year, total mortality rate (Z) 1.10 / year, natural mortality rate (M) 0.35 / year and mortality rate due to arrest (F) 0.75 / year. Estimation of the rate of exploitation has led to overfishing (E = 0.68) therefore it was necessary to take regulatory and management measures to ensure sustainable utilization.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.24.4.2018.253-261
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