PEMODELAN DAERAH POTENSIAL KEMUNCULAN HIU PAUS (Rhincodon typus) MENGGUNAKAN DATA PENGINDERAAN JAUH DI PERAIRAN PROBOLINGGO, JAWA TIMUR
Abstract
Perairan Probolinggo merupakan salah satu lokasi agregasi musiman hiu paus (Rhincodon typus) di Indonesia sejak beberapa tahun terakhir. Hiu paus di perairan Probolinggo banyak dijumpai pada bulan Desember sampai Maret, meskipun kemunculan dapat terjadi sepanjang tahun di sekitar pantai utara Pulau Jawa. Hiu paus telah dimasukkan sebagai salah satu spesies yang mendapatkan perlindungan penuh oleh dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun model pendugaan daerah kemunculan hiu paus di perairan pantai Probolinggo. Data kemunculan hiu paus bulan Januari sampai Maret 2016 diperoleh dari lembaga hiu paus Indonesia. Parameter oseanografi yang digunakan yaitu sea surface temperature (SST), dan konsentrasi klorofil-a (chl-a) diperoleh dari data penginderaan jauh, sedangkan kedalaman perairan berasal dari GEBCO (The General Bathymetryc Chart of the Oceans). Maximum entropy model digunakan untuk memprediksi habitat yang sesuai terhadap distribusi hiu paus dengan didasarkan pada parameter yang berpengaruh terhadap kemunculan hiu paus di perairan Probolinggo. Nilai area under curve (AUC) sebesar 0,997 menunjukkan bahwa model dapat memprediksi kesesuaian habitat hiu paus dengan sangat baik. Dari ketiga parameter yang diuji, kedalaman (71,0%) menunjukkan sebagai parameter yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kemunculan hiu paus di perairan Probolinggo, disusul oleh chl-a (15,7%) dan SST (13,3%). Hasil juga menunjukkan hiu paus banyak ditemukan pada kedalaman 9 – 14 meter dan chl-a 0,5 – 0,7 mg/m3 serta SST 29 – 30°C. Distribusi hiu paus yang diperoleh memberi peluang untuk mengidentifikasi spesifik area dengan tingkat akurasi kehadiran yang tinggi di sepanjang pantai Probolinggo; pengenalan spesifik area ini dapat dijadikan dugaan untuk membangun manajemen praktis yang efektif untuk meningkatkan perlindungan hiu paus.
Probolinggo water is one of suitable sites of the whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) seasonal aggregation in Indonesia during the last years. Whale sharks in Probolinggo waters are common appear in December to March, although they can be seen years-around in the North Coast of Java Island. Whale sharks have been included as one of the full protected species of the world. This study aims to develop a model prediction of the whale sharks occurrence in Probolinggo coastal waters. The occurrence data of whale sharks from January to March 2016 was obtained from the whale sharks institute of Indonesia. The oceanographic parameters were used sea surface temperature (SST), and chlorophyll-a concentration (chl-a), obtained from remotely sensed data, while water depth derived from GEBCO (The General Bathymetryc Chart of the Oceans). Maximum entropy models are used to predict suitable habitats for the distribution of whale sharks based on the influential parameters on the appearance of whale sharks in Probolinggo waters. The value of the under-curve area (AUC) of 0.997 indicates that the model can predict the suitability of whale sharks habitat excellent. Of the three parameters tested, depth (71,0%) showed as the most parameters influenced the occurrence of whale sharks in this waters, followed by chl-a (15,7%) and SST (13,3%). Furthermore, the results showed that whale sharks were mostly found at depths of 9 – 14 meters, chl-a of 0,5–0,7 mg/m3and SST of 29 – 30°C. The distribution of whale sharks obtained provides an opportunity to identify the specific areas with high attendance accuracy along Probolinggo waters; the recognition of the specific area can be used as starting points to develop effective management practices to improvewhale sharks protection.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.24.3.2018.209-216
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