PERIKANAN PANCING ULUR DI SAMUDERA HINDIA: HASIL TANGKAPAN IKAN BERPARUH YANG DIDARATKAN DI SENDANGBIRU, MALANG, JAWA TIMUR

Abstract

Kelompok Kerja Komisi Tuna Samudera Hindia untuk Ikan Berparuh ke IX merekomendasikan pentingnya informasi hasil tangkapan dari perikanan tradisional dalam rangka melakukan pengkajian stok di Samudera Hindia. Salah satu perikanan tradisional yang menghasilkan tangkapan ikan berparuh adalah pancing ulur. Sejak 1997 telah berkembang teknologi pancing ulur dengan target tangkapan utama ikan tuna. Armada pancing ulur yang beroperasi di Samudera Hindia dan berbasis di Sendangbiru menggunakan alat bantu penangkapan rumpon. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui teknologi alat tangkap, jumlah hasil tangkapan, musim penangkapan, komposisi jenis, dan distribusi ukuran ikan berparuh yang tertangkap pancing ulur dilakukan di Sendangbiru, Malang, Jawa Timur pada Februari-November 2009. Data primer yang meliputi jenis dan ukuran ikan dikumpulkan dari kegiatan pengambilan contoh, sedangkan data sekunder dikumpulkan dari laporan di pelelangan ikan. Data sekunder meliputi informasi teknologi pancing ulur, trip penangkapan, jenis dan jumlah ikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase hasil tangkapan ikan berparuh sebanyak 5,97% dari total hasil tangkapan. Ikan berparuh tertangkap sepanjang tahun dengan puncaknya pada Mei. Komposisi jenis ikan berparuh meliputi 61,41% setuhuk hitam, 20,50% ikan pedang, 14,36% ikan layaran, 2,29% setuhuk loreng dan 1,43% setuhuk biru. Ukuran ikan berparuh menurut panjang cagak paruh bagian bawah berkisar antara 83 - 151 cm, 112 - 121 cm, 71 - 201, dan 101 - 161 cm masing-masing untuk setuhuk loreng, ikan tumbuk,  ikan pedang dan ikan layaran.

The 9^th Working Group on Billfish in 2011 recommended that the information on billfish exploitation of traditional fisheries around Indian Ocean especially an assessmet of the fish stock is very important. Hand line is one of the fishing gears used in traditional fisheries of billfish.  This fishing technique targeting on tuna has been developed since 1997. The hand line fleets based at Sendangbiru, Malang that operated in the Indian Ocean were using FADs. This research was conducted in this area to reveal the hand line fishing gear technology, fishing season, number of catch, catch composition and fish size distribution of billfish. The primary data composting of fish species and the size as well as fishing contruction was collected by sampling at the fish landing. Whilst the secondary data consisting of number of trip, species and number of fish was collected from fish auction records. Results show that the percentage of the billfish was 5.97% from total catch. Generally, billfish was caught all the year, with the peak season was in May. The billfih composition consisted of 61.41% black marlin, 20.50% swordfish, 14.36% sailfish, 2.29% striped marlin, and 1.43% blue marlin. The size of billfish measured by lower jaw fork length ranges between 83 - 151 cm, 112 - 121 cm, 71 - 201 and 101 - 161 for striped marlin, shortbill spearfish, swordfish and sailfish, respectively.