KOMPOSISI HASIL TANGKAPAN, LAJU PANCING DAN DAERAH PENANGKAPAN TUNA DI SAMUDRA HINDIA BARAT SUMATRA

Abstract

Rawai tuna merupakan salah satu alat tangkap yang efektif untuk menangkap tuna, karena konstruksinya mampu menjangkau kedalaman renang tuna. Informasi tentang komposisi hasil tangkapan, laju pancing dan daerah penangkapan tuna di Samudra Hindia barat Sumatra sangat terbatas dan sangat diperlukan sebagai bahan kajian kebijakan perikanan tuna di Indonesia, khususnya di Samudra Hindia barat Sumatra. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi hasil tangkapan, laju pancing dan daerah penangkapan tuna di perairan Samudra Hindia barat Sumatra. Data yang digunakan merupakan data hasil observasi langsung di atas kapal rawai tuna yang berbasis di PPS Nizam Zachman selama 22 ulangan operasi penangkapan pada tanggal 11 September – 8 Oktober 2015 di perairan Samudra Hindia barat Sumatra. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil tangkapan utama rawai tuna di perairan Samudra Hindia barat Sumatra didominasi oleh tuna mata besar sebesar 9,74% dari total tangkapan, diikuti oleh madidihang 8,31% dan albakora 4,58%. Sedangkan by-product didominasi oleh ikan gindara sebesar 21,20% dan discard didominasi oleh ikan naga sebesar 33,24%. Nilai laju pancing rata-rata tuna yang diperoleh 0,35 per 100 mata pancing dengan nilai laju pancing albakora 0,07 per 100 mata pancing, madidihang 0,13 per 100 mata pancing dan tuna mata besar 0,15 per 100 mata pancing. Nilai laju pancing yang diperoleh dapat dikategorikan tergolong rendah yang mengindikasikan telah terjadi tekanan penangkapan yang cukup tinggi di perairan Samudra Hindia barat Sumatra. Daerah penangkapan tuna di perairan Samudra Hindia barat Sumatra umumnya berada di luar perairan Zone Ekonomi Eksklusif Indonesia yang memiliki suhu permukaan laut rata-rata 28,44 – 28,64⁰C dan salinitas rata-rata 34,26 – 34,35 PSU. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Samudra Hindia barat Sumatra merupakan salah satu daerah potensial untuk penangkapan tuna.

Tuna longline is one of the most effective fishing gears to catch tuna due to its ability to reach the swimming depth of tuna. Information on catch composition, hook rate, and fishing ground of tuna in the west of Sumatra of Indian Ocean is very limited, even though this description is needed to regulate tuna fisheries policy in Indonesia, especially in the west of Sumatra of Indian Ocean. This study was aimed to determine the catch composition, hook rate, and fishing ground of tuna in the west of Sumatra of Indian Ocean waters. Data used in this study were collected from direct observation on tuna longline vessels based in Nizam Zachman Port for 22 fishing operations from 11 September - 8 October 2015 in the west of Sumatra of Indian Ocean waters. The results showed that the target species of tuna longline in the west of Sumatra of Indian Ocean waters were dominated by bigeye tuna with 9.74% of the total catch, followed by yellowfin tuna 8.31% and albacore 4.58%. While by-product was dominated by escolar 21.20% and discard was dominated by lancetfish 33.24%. The average hook rate for tuna was 0.35 /100 hooks with an albacore hook rate of 0.07/100 hooks, yellowfin tuna 0.13/100 hooks, and bigeye tuna 0.15/100 hooks. The hook rate can be categorized as low, which indicates that has been highly exploitation level in the west of Sumatra of Indian Ocean waters. Generally, tuna fishing ground in the west of Sumatra of Indian Ocean waters is outside the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone waters, which have an average sea surface temperature (SST) of 28.44 - 28.64⁰C and average salinity of 34.26 - 34.35 PSU. The research results show that the west of Sumatra of the Indian Ocean is one of the potential areas for tuna fishing.